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Rare Earth Cooperative 21st Century Manufacturing Act or theRE-Coop 21st Century Manufacturing Act This bill addresses the advancement of domestic refining of rare earth elements and the safe storage of thorium. The Department of Commerce must establish a privately funded, operated, and managed Thorium-Bearing Rare Earth Refinery Cooperative tasked with the creation of a fully integrated domestic rare earth value chain to serve U.S. national security needs and the critical advanced manufacturing industries. The Department of Energy must coordinate with other agencies to procure the issuance of a federal charter for the Thorium Storage, Energy, and Industrial Products Corporation which shall assume liability for and ownership of all thorium and mineralogically actinides and decay products contained within the rare earth element ores utilized by the cooperative.

This resolution recognizes the 50th anniversary of Earth Day and addresses environmental challenges. It urges (1) the President to issue a proclamation recognizing the anniversary; and (2) governments and people to continue building upon the Paris Agreement and other efforts to ensure that future generations inherit a livable, sustainable, and ecologically rich planet. The resolution reaffirms that immediate action is needed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions to protect our planet, public health, and overall well-being of all people and wildlife. In addition, it encourages the American people to mark Earth Day by working to address environmental challenges, educate others about the need for year-round action, and honor the stewardship ethic for which Senator Gaylord Nelson stood.

Rare Earth Element Advanced Coal Technologies Act This bill requires the Department of Energy's Office of Fossil Energy to create a program for the development of advanced separation technology to extract and recover rare earth elements and minerals from coal and coal byproducts.

Securing Americas Rare Earths Supply Act of 2019 This bill revises requirements related to the acquisition and disposal of certain rare earth materials, such as those that contain scandium. The Department of Defense must establish guidance for the acquisition of items containing rare earth materials and establish a secure supply chain from appropriate sources. The bill requires the disposal of 3 million pounds of tungsten ores and concentrates stored in the National Defense Stockpile. The bill also authorizes the acquisition of specified materials determined to be strategically and critically required to meet the defense, industrial, and essential civilian needs of the United States. In addition, the bill expands the prohibition on the exchange of sensitive materials with non-allied foreign nations to include additional materials.

This resolution urges (1) the President to issue a proclamation recognizing Earth Day, consistent with the practice of the previous administration; and (2) governments and people to continue building upon the Paris Agreement and other efforts to ensure that future generations inherit a livable, sustainable, and ecologically rich planet. In addition, it encourages the American people to mark Earth Day by working to address environmental challenges, educate others about the need for year-round action, and honor the stewardship ethic for which Senator Gaylord Nelson stood.

National Aeronautics and Space Administration Authorization Act of 2019 This bill reauthorizes the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) for FY2020. The bill provides for continued use of the International Space Station through 2030 and authorizes NASA programs and activities, including a rocket engine test infrastructure program, a low-Earth orbit commercialization program, a Lunar Discovery Program for lunar science research, a 21st Century Aeronautics Capabilities Initiative, a Skilled Technical Education Outreach Program for secondary school students, and a 21st Century Space Launch Infrastructure Program. NASA shall establish the Planetary Defense Coordination Office to implement a program for surveying threats posed by near-Earth objects equal to or greater than 140 meters in diameter. NASA shall also continue providing opportunities for formal and informal STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics, including computer science) education engagement activities, including under the Established Program to Stimulate Competitive Research (EPSCoR).

This resolution (1) recognizes, among other things, that the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) is a global leader in earth and environmental science and technology to help us better understand our planet; and (2) honors and celebrates NOAA's workforce and its continuing work to protect coastal and marine resources, forecast and respond to environmental disasters, and connect the American public to science.

This bill recognizes April 22, 2020, as the 50th anniversary of Earth Day and commends the leadership of its founder, Senator Gaylord Nelson.

This resolution designates February 12, 2020, as Darwin Day. Also, the resolution recognizes the importance of science to the bettering of humanity. Finally, the resolution recognizes Charles Darwin as a worthy symbol for celebrating science, the achievements of reason, and the advancement of human knowledge.

This resolution supports the designation of Darwin Day. Also, the resolution recognizes the importance of science to the bettering of humanity. Finally, the resolution recognizes Charles Darwin as a worthy symbol for celebrating science, the achievements of reason, and the advancement of human knowledge.

Rare Earth Cooperative 21st Century Manufacturing Act or theRE-Coop 21st Century Manufacturing Act This bill addresses the advancement of domestic refining of rare earth elements and the safe storage of thorium. The Department of Commerce must establish a privately funded, operated, and managed Thorium-Bearing Rare Earth Refinery Cooperative tasked with the creation of a fully integrated domestic rare earth value chain to serve U.S. national security needs and the critical advanced manufacturing industries. The Department of Energy must coordinate with other agencies to procure the issuance of a federal charter for the Thorium Storage, Energy, and Industrial Products Corporation which shall assume liability for and ownership of all thorium and mineralogically actinides and decay products contained within the rare earth element ores utilized by the cooperative.

This resolution supports the designation of Darwin Day. The resolution recognizes Charles Darwin as a worthy symbol on which to celebrate the achievements of reason, science, and the advancement of human knowledge.

This resolution supports the designation of Darwin Day. Also, the resolution recognizes Charles Darwin as a worthy symbol on which to celebrate the achievements of reason, science, and the advancement of human knowledge.

Space Frontier Act of 2019The bill revises provisions relating to commercial space launch license applications and experimental permits. The Department of Transportation shall consolidate across federal agencies requirements to protect the public health and safety, safety of property, national security interests, and foreign policy interests of the United States relevant to any commercial space vehicle into a single application set that satisfies those requirements and expedites the coordination of commercial space services. NASA is authorized to establish a low-Earth orbit commercialization program. The bill revises and sets forth provisions relating to nongovernmental Earth observation activities. NASA must ensure that the International Space Station remains a viable and productive facility capable of potential U.S. use through at least FY2030.

This resolution recognizes the 40th anniversary of the founding of The Planetary Society for its commitment to exploring the cosmos and understanding our place in it, searching for life elsewhere in the universe, and protecting Earth from asteroids and comets.

Securing American Leadership in Science and Technology Act of 2020 This bill extends through FY2029 the Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP), the Office of Science of the Department of Energy, the Advanced Research Projects Agency-Energy, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and the National Science Foundation (NSF). The bill sets forth programs, projects, and activities, including those regarding federal research security, the science and technical workforce, basic energy sciences research and upgrades to certain facilities, computational materials and chemistry science, advanced scientific computing, high energy physics, biological systems science and environmental science, fusion energy sciences research, nuclear physics, carbon utilization research infrastructure, enhanced geothermal energy, quantum information science and technology research, cybersecurity research, artificial intelligence and data science, engineering biology research, next generation digital radar, Antarctic nongovernmental activities and environmental liability requirements, and federal government inventions. The OSTP shall * submit a comprehensive national science and technology strategy, and * complete a review of U.S. science and technology enterprise. The Office of Science shall continue to leverage U.S. participation in the Large Hadron Collider, prioritize international partnerships and investments in the Long-Baseline Neutrino Facility/Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment, and prioritize international collaboration that would provide U.S. researchers access to the most advanced accelerator facilities in the world. The Government Accountability Office shall evaluate NIST's Center for Neutron Research. The NSF shall contract the National Academy of Public Administration to study the organizational and management structure of the NSF.

Advancing Human Spaceflight Act This bill addresses the establishment of U.S. policy, programs, and activities pertaining to human presence in space. The bill declares that it is U.S. policy to permanently establish a human presence in low-Earth orbit and that such capability shall * maintain U.S. global leadership and relations with partners and allies, * contribute to the general welfare of the United States, and * be affordable so as to not preclude a robust portfolio of other human space exploration activities. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) shall ensure that the International Space Station (ISS) remains a viable and productive facility capable of potential U.S. use through at least FY2030. NASA must submit a strategy that includes how it will transition to a successor platform to the ISS. The bill expands the objectives of NASA to include the expansion of permanent human presence beyond Earth in a way that enables human space settlement and a thriving space economy. NASA shall establish a program of developing space suits and associated technologies.

U.S. Leadership in Space Act of 2019 This bill sets forth programs, projects, and activities regarding human exploration of space. The bill authorizes the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) to conduct missions to intermediate destinations, such as the Moon, if each such mission demonstrates or advances a technology or operational concept that will enable human missions to Mars. NASA shall establish the Artemis program management office at the Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center in Houston, Texas. The Artemis program is the NASA program for going back to the Moon and for establishing sustainable exploration there. NASA * shall establish a plan for the development and manufacture of advanced spacesuits; * may carry out a program to conduct lunar science research, including missions to the surface of the Moon; * shall ensure that the International Space Station (ISS) remains a viable and productive facility of potential U.S. use through at least FY2030; * shall establish a low-Earth orbit development program to encourage commercial use and development of space by private entities in the United States; * must update and improve the cybersecurity of its space assets and supporting infrastructure; and * must maintain a Security Operations Center to identify and respond to cybersecurity threats to its information technology systems. The bill extends through 2030 authorization for cash or in-kind payments by the United States to Russia for certain work or services regarding the ISS.

Securing American Science and Technology Act of 2019 This bill establishes a working group and a roundtable related to the security of science and technology. The bill directs the National Science and Technology Council to establish an interagency working group to coordinate activities to protect federally funded research and development from foreign interference, cyberattacks, theft, or espionage and to identify and track threats. The National Science Foundation, the Department of Energy, and the Department of Defense shall enter into an agreement with the National Academies of Science, Engineering, and Medicine to create a new National Science, Technology, and Security Roundtable.

Social Sciences Protect Our Nation Act This bill directs the Department of Defense to maintain a defense-wide basic research program with an emphasis on diverse social sciences.