Make Billionaires Pay Their Fair Share Act

#3956 | S Congress #119

Policy Area: Taxation
Subjects:

Last Action: Read twice and referred to the Committee on Finance. (3/2/2026)

Bill Text Source: Congress.gov

Summary and Impacts
Original Text
[Congressional Bills 119th Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
[S. 3956 Introduced in Senate (IS)]

<DOC>






119th CONGRESS
  2d Session
                                S. 3956

 To amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to impose an annual tax on 
  the net value of assets held by a taxpayer, and for other purposes.


_______________________________________________________________________


                   IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES

                             March 2, 2026

  Mr. Sanders introduced the following bill; which was read twice and 
                  referred to the Committee on Finance

_______________________________________________________________________

                                 A BILL


 
 To amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to impose an annual tax on 
  the net value of assets held by a taxpayer, and for other purposes.

    Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the 
United States of America in Congress assembled,

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE, ETC.

    (a) Short Title.--This Act may be cited as the ``Make Billionaires 
Pay Their Fair Share Act''.
    (b) Table of Contents.--The table of contents of this Act is as 
follows:

Sec. 1. Short title, etc.
                          TITLE I--WEALTH TAX

Sec. 101. Imposition of tax on net value of assets.
Sec. 102. Enforcement.
                    TITLE II--AFFORDABILITY REBATES

Sec. 201. Affordability rebates.
                   TITLE III--HEALTH CARE PROVISIONS

Sec. 301. Repeal of reconciliation health provisions.
Sec. 302. Increase in eligibility for premium tax credit.
        TITLE IV--MEDICARE DENTAL, HEARING, AND VISION EXPANSION

Sec. 401. Short title.
Sec. 402. Coverage of dental and oral health care.
Sec. 403. Providing coverage for hearing care under the Medicare 
                            program.
Sec. 404. Providing coverage for vision care under the Medicare 
                            program.
Sec. 405. Phase-in of impact of dental and oral health coverage on part 
                            B premiums.
                      TITLE V--HOUSING TRUST FUND

Sec. 501. Authorization of appropriations.
          TITLE VI--AFFORDABLE CHILD CARE FOR WORKING FAMILIES

Sec. 601. Birth through five child care and early learning entitlement.
   TITLE VII--ESTABLISHING A $60,000 A YEAR MINIMUM SALARY FOR EVERY 
               PUBLIC SCHOOL TEACHER IN THE UNITED STATES

Sec. 701. Purposes.
Sec. 702. Definitions.
Sec. 703. Ensuring teachers are paid a livable and competitive wage.
Sec. 704. Collective bargaining and related rules.
 TITLE VIII--INVESTMENTS IN HOME AND COMMUNITY-BASED SERVICES AND LONG-
                    TERM CARE QUALITY AND WORKFORCE

Sec. 801. HCBS improvement planning grants.
Sec. 802. HCBS Improvement Program.
Sec. 803. Funding for Federal activities related to Medicaid HCBS.
Sec. 804. Funding for HCBS quality measurement and improvement.
Sec. 805. Permanent extension of Medicaid protections against spousal 
                            impoverishment for recipients of home and 
                            community-based services.
Sec. 806. Permanent extension of Money Follows the Person Rebalancing 
                            demonstration.

                          TITLE I--WEALTH TAX

SEC. 101. IMPOSITION OF TAX ON NET VALUE OF ASSETS.

    (a) In General.--The Internal Revenue Code of 1986 is amended by 
inserting after subtitle B the following new subtitle:

                       ``Subtitle B-1--Wealth Tax

               ``Chapter 18--Determination of Wealth Tax

               ``CHAPTER 18--DETERMINATION OF WEALTH TAX

``Sec. 2901. Imposition of tax.
``Sec. 2902. Net value of assets.
``Sec. 2903. Special rules.
``Sec. 2904. Administrative provisions.

``SEC. 2901. IMPOSITION OF TAX.

    ``(a) In General.--In the case of an applicable taxpayer, there is 
hereby imposed a tax computed equal to 5 percent of the net value of 
assets held by the taxpayer for the calendar year.
    ``(b) Applicable Taxpayer.--
            ``(1) In general.--For purposes of this chapter, the term 
        `applicable taxpayer' means any individual or trust if the net 
        value of all assets held by the taxpayer for the calendar year 
        exceeds $1,000,000,000.
            ``(2) Inflation adjustment.--
                    ``(A) In general.--In the case of any calendar year 
                after 2026, the $1,000,000,000 amount under paragraph 
                (1) shall be increased by an amount equal to--
                            ``(i) such dollar amount, multiplied by
                            ``(ii) the cost-of-living adjustment 
                        determined under section 1(f)(3) for the 
                        calendar year in which the taxable year begins, 
                        determined by substituting in subparagraph 
                        (A)(ii) thereof `calendar year 2025' for 
                        `calendar year 2016'.
                    ``(B) Rounding.--If any amount as adjusted under 
                subparagraph (A) is not a multiple of $1,000,000, such 
                dollar amount shall be rounded to the next lowest 
                multiple of $1,000,000.
    ``(c) Treatment of Married Individuals.--For purposes of this 
section, individuals who are married (as defined in section 7703) shall 
be treated as one taxpayer.

``SEC. 2902. NET VALUE OF ASSETS.

    ``(a) In General.--The net value of assets held by an applicable 
taxpayer for any calendar year shall be the excess of--
            ``(1) the value of all property of the taxpayer, real or 
        personal, tangible or intangible, wherever situated, on the 
        last day of such calendar year (computed without regard to any 
        debt owed by the taxpayer and secured by the property), over
            ``(2) the amount of any debt owed by the taxpayer on the 
        last day of such calendar year.
    ``(b) Inclusion of Property of Related Children.--For purposes of 
this subtitle, any property of an individual who is a child of the 
taxpayer (as defined in section 152(f)(1)) and has not attained the age 
of 18 shall be treated as property held by the taxpayer for any 
calendar year before the year in which such individual attains the age 
of 18.
    ``(c) Establishment of Valuation Rules.--
            ``(1) Authority of secretary.--The Secretary shall 
        establish rules and methods for determining the value of any 
        asset for purposes of this subtitle.
            ``(2) General rules.--Except as otherwise provided in this 
        paragraph, the rules and methods established under paragraph 
        (1) may be similar to the rules of part III of subchapter A of 
        chapter 11 (other than the rules of sections 2031(c), 2032A, 
        2035, and 2044).
            ``(3) Rules for assets the value of which is not readily 
        ascertainable.--
                    ``(A) In general.--In the case of any property the 
                value of which is not readily ascertainable, the 
                Secretary may allow the taxpayer to elect to use a 
                value which is equal to the most recent readily 
                ascertainable value of such property increased by an 
                average rate of appreciation applicable to assets of a 
                similar class.
                    ``(B) Limitation.--The Secretary may not allow a 
                taxpayer to make an election under this paragraph for 
                any calendar year if the taxpayer made an election 
                under this paragraph for the preceding calendar year.

``SEC. 2903. SPECIAL RULES.

    ``(a) Deceased Individuals.--In the case of any individual who dies 
during a calendar year--
            ``(1) section 2901 shall be applied as if the calendar year 
        ended on the day of the individual's death, and
            ``(2) the amount of the tax imposed under such section 
        shall be reduced by an amount which bears the same ratio to 
        such amount (determined without regard to this subsection) as--
                    ``(A) the number of days in the calendar year after 
                the date of the individual's death, bears to
                    ``(B) 365.
    ``(b) Trusts.--
            ``(1) Grantor trusts.--If a grantor or another person is 
        treated as the owner of any portion of a trust under subpart E 
        of part I of subchapter J of chapter 1, then the grantor or 
        such other person shall be treated as holding that portion of 
        the assets of such trust, and any remaining portion shall be 
        subject to tax as provided in section 2901.
            ``(2) Incomplete gifts.--In the case of any person who 
        makes a transfer of property to a trust which is not treated as 
        a gift for purposes of chapter 11, the portion of such trust 
        attributable to such property shall be treated as the property 
        of the person making the transfer and not the property of such 
        trust.
            ``(3) Aggregation rules.--The rules of section 643(f) shall 
        apply for purposes of this subtitle.
    ``(c) Application to Nonresidents.--
            ``(1) In general.--In the case of any taxpayer who is a non 
        resident and not a citizen of the United States, section 
        2901(a) shall be applied by substituting `net value of domestic 
        assets' for `net value of all assets'.
            ``(2) Net value of domestic assets.--For purposes of this 
        subtitle, the term `net value of domestic assets' means--
                    ``(A) the value of all property of the taxpayer, 
                real or personal, tangible or intangible, situated in 
                the United States (determined under rules similar to 
                the rules under subchapter B of chapter 11), on the 
                last day of such calendar year (computed without regard 
                to any debt owed by the taxpayer and secured by the 
                property), over
                    ``(B) the amount of any debt owed by the taxpayer 
                and secured by assets described in subparagraph (A), 
                determined as of the last day of such calendar year.
            ``(3) Treatment of married individuals.--In the case of 
        married individuals, this subsection shall only apply if both 
        individuals are non residents and not citizens of the United 
        States.
    ``(d) Application to Covered Expatriates.--
            ``(1) In general.--In the case of an applicable taxpayer 
        who is a covered expatriate the expatriation date of which 
        occurs during the calendar year--
                    ``(A) section 2901 shall be applied as if the 
                calendar year ended on the day before the expatriation, 
                and
                    ``(B) the rate of tax under 2901(a) for such 
                calendar year shall be 60 percent.
            ``(2) Covered expatriate; expatriation date.--For purposes 
        of this subsection--
                    ``(A) Covered expatriate.--The term `covered 
                expatriate' has the meaning given such term under 
                section 877A, except that in the case of married 
                individuals, such taxpayer shall be treated as a 
                covered expatriate only if neither individual is a 
                United States citizen or lawful permanent resident of 
                the United States (within the meaning of section 
                7701(b)(6)).
                    ``(B) Expatriation date.--The term `expatriation 
                date' has the meaning given such term under section 
                877A(g)(3).

``SEC. 2904. ADMINISTRATIVE PROVISIONS.

    ``(a) Wealth Registry.--The Secretary shall establish a registry of 
ownership for assets taken into account under section 2902(a)(1), 
including publicly traded securities, digital assets, shares of closely 
held businesses, and real estate within the United States. For purposes 
of establishing and maintaining the registry under the preceding 
sentence, the Secretary shall--
            ``(1) rely on existing sources of information, including 
        central depositories for securities and State, local, and 
        foreign real property records; and
            ``(2) require timely reporting of newly acquired assets in 
        conjunction with information required under existing 
        information reporting requirements.
    ``(b) Information Reporting.--
            ``(1) In general.--The Secretary shall by regulations 
        require the reporting of information concerning the value of 
        assets, including--
                    ``(A) the value of any accounts which pay interest 
                reportable under section 6049,
                    ``(B) the value of publicly traded stock with 
                respect to which dividends are reported under section 
                6042,
                    ``(C) the value of any applicable privately held 
                business,
                    ``(D) the value of any assets held through mutual 
                funds or brokerage accounts,
                    ``(E) the value of any assets held in eligible 
                retirement plans (as defined in section 402(c)(8)(B)), 
                and
                    ``(F) such other assets as the Secretary determines 
                is appropriate.
            ``(2) Method of reporting.--The Secretary shall, where 
        appropriate, require the reporting made under paragraph (1) to 
        be made as a part of existing income reporting requirements.
            ``(3) Applicable privately held business.--For purposes of 
        this subsection, the term `applicable privately held business' 
        means any trade or businesses--
                    ``(A) which does not meet the gross receipts test 
                under section 448(c) for the taxable year ending with 
                or within the calendar year,
                    ``(B) in which an individual who was an applicable 
                taxpayer (other than a covered expatriate, as defined 
                in section 2903(d)(2)) for the preceding calendar year 
                holds (directly or indirectly) 5 percent or more of the 
                ownership interests (by value), and
                    ``(C) to which paragraph (1)(B) does not apply.
    ``(c) Time for Payment of Tax.--The due date for returns with 
respect to the tax imposed under this subtitle shall be not later than 
the latest due date for which a return of tax under subtitle A would be 
due if the taxpayer's taxable year ended on December 31 and the 
taxpayer owed tax for such taxable year.''.
    (b) No Deduction From Income Taxes.--Section 275 of the Internal 
Revenue Code of 1986 is amended by inserting after paragraph (6) the 
following new paragraph:
            ``(7) Taxes imposed by chapter 18.''.
    (c) Information Reporting Penalties.--Section 6724(d)(1) of the 
Internal Revenue Code of 1986 is amended by striking ``and'' at the end 
of subparagraph (C), by striking the period at the end of subparagraph 
(D) and inserting ``, and'', and by inserting after subparagraph (D) 
the following new subparagraph:
                    ``(E) any statement or return required to be filed 
                under section 2904(b) which is not reported under any 
                other provision of this paragraph.''.
    (d) Clerical Amendment.--The table of subtitles of the Internal 
Revenue Code of 1986 is amended by inserting after the item relating to 
subtitle B the following new item:

                     ``Subtitle B-1--Wealth Tax''.

    (e) Effective Date.--The amendments made by this section shall 
apply to calendar years beginning after the date of the enactment of 
this Act.

SEC. 102. ENFORCEMENT.

    (a) Standard.--The Secretary of the Treasury shall audit not less 
than 50 percent of taxpayers required to pay the tax imposed under 
section 2901 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (as added by section 
101) in each calendar year.
    (b) Funding.--There is hereby appropriated to each fiscal year 
ending after the date of the enactment of this Act, out of any moneys 
in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, amounts equivalent to 1 
percent of the revenues attributable to the tax imposed under section 
2901 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (as added by section 101) for 
necessary expenses for enforcement activities of the Internal Revenue 
Service to determine and collect taxes owed under such section.

                    TITLE II--AFFORDABILITY REBATES

SEC. 201. AFFORDABILITY REBATES.

    (a) In General.--Section 6428B of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 
is amended--
            (1) in the heading, by striking ``2021 recovery rebates to 
        individuals'' and inserting ``affordability rebates'',
            (2) in subsection (a), by striking ``2021 an amount equal 
        to the 2021 rebate amount'' and inserting ``2026 an amount 
        equal to the affordability rebate amount'',
            (3) by striking subsection (b) and inserting the following:
    ``(b) Affordability Rebate Amount.--For purposes of this section, 
the term `affordability rebate amount' means, with respect to any 
taxpayer for any taxable year, the sum of--
            ``(1) $3,000 ($6,000 in the case of a joint return), plus
            ``(2) $3,000 multiplied by the number of dependents of the 
        taxpayer for such taxable year.'',
            (4) in subsection (e)(2)--
                    (A) in subparagraph (A), by striking ``$1,400'' and 
                inserting ``$3,000'', and
                    (B) in subparagraph (B)--
                            (i) in the matter preceding clause (i), by 
                        striking ``$2,800'' and inserting ``$6,000'', 
                        and
                            (ii) in clause (i), by striking ``$1,400'' 
                        and inserting ``$3,000'', and
            (5) in subsection (g)--
                    (A) in paragraph (1), by striking ``2019'' and 
                inserting ``2024'',
                    (B) in paragraph (2)(B), by striking ``January 1, 
                2021'' each place it appears and inserting ``January 1, 
                2026'',
                    (C) in paragraph (3), by striking ``December 31, 
                2021'' and inserting ``December 31, 2026'',
                    (D) in paragraph (5)--
                            (i) in the heading, by striking ``2020'' 
                        and inserting ``2025'',
                            (ii) in subparagraph (A)--
                                    (I) in the heading, by striking 
                                ``2020'' and inserting ``2025'', and
                                    (II) by striking ``beginning in 
                                2020, paragraph (1) shall be applied 
                                with respect to such individual by 
                                substituting `2020' for `2019''' and 
                                inserting ``beginning in 2025, 
                                paragraph (1) shall be applied with 
                                respect to such individual by 
                                substituting `2025' for `2024''', and
                            (iii) in subparagraph (B)--
                                    (I) in clause (i), by striking 
                                ``2020'' and inserting ``2025'',
                                    (II) in clause (ii)--
                                            (aa) in subclause (I), by 
                                        striking ``2020'' and inserting 
                                        ``2025'', and
                                            (bb) in subclause (II), by 
                                        striking ``2021'' and inserting 
                                        ``2026'', and
                                    (III) in clause (iii)--
                                            (aa) in the heading, by 
                                        striking ``2020'' and inserting 
                                        ``2025'', and
                                            (bb) by striking ``2020'' 
                                        each place it appears and 
                                        inserting ``2025'', and
                    (E) in the heading of paragraph (6), by striking 
                ``2019 or 2020'' and inserting ``2024 or 2025''.
    (b) Conforming Amendment.--The table of sections for subchapter B 
of chapter 65 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 is amended by 
striking the item relating to section 6428B and inserting the following 
new item:

``Sec. 6428B. Affordability rebates.''.

                   TITLE III--HEALTH CARE PROVISIONS

SEC. 301. REPEAL OF RECONCILIATION HEALTH PROVISIONS.

    (a) In General.--Except as provided in subsection (b), subtitle B 
of title VII of An Act to provide for reconciliation pursuant to title 
II of H. Con. Res. 14 (Public Law 119-21) is repealed and any law or 
regulation referred to in such subtitle shall be applied as if such 
subtitle and the amendments made by such subtitle had not been enacted.
    (b) Exceptions.--
            (1) In general.--Subsection (a) shall not apply to the 
        provisions of and amendments made by sections 71202, 71306, and 
        71401 of such Act.
            (2) Availability of funds allocated under the rural health 
        transformation program.--Section 2105(h) of the Social Security 
        Act (42 U.S.C. 1397ee(h)), as added by Public Law 119-21, is 
        amended--
                    (A) in paragraph (1)(B)--
                            (i) in the subparagraph heading by striking 
                        ``Unexpended or unobligated'' and inserting 
                        ``Availability of'';
                            (ii) by striking clauses (i) through (iii) 
                        and inserting the following:
                            ``(i) In general.--Subject to clause (ii), 
                        funds allocated to a State from amounts 
                        appropriated under subparagraph (A) shall 
                        remain available until expended.''; and
                            (iii) by redesignating clause (iv) as 
                        clause (ii); and
                    (B) in paragraph (2)(C), by striking ``paragraph 
                (1)(B)(iv)'' and inserting ``paragraph (1)(B)(ii)''.

SEC. 302. INCREASE IN ELIGIBILITY FOR PREMIUM TAX CREDIT.

    (a) In General.--Subparagraph (A) of section 36B(c)(1) of the 
Internal Revenue Code of 1986 is amended by striking ``but does not 
exceed 400 percent''.
    (b) Applicable Percentages.--
            (1) In general.--Subparagraph (A) of section 36B(b)(3) of 
        the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 is amended to read as 
        follows:
                    ``(A) Applicable percentage.--The applicable 
                percentage for any taxable year shall be the percentage 
                such that the applicable percentage for any taxpayer 
                whose household income is within an income tier 
                specified in the following table shall increase, on a 
                sliding scale in a linear manner, from the initial 
                premium percentage to the final premium percentage 
                specified in such table for such income tier:


------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                The initial   The final
 ``In the case of household income  (expressed    premium      premium
   as a percent of poverty line)  within the     percentage   percentage
            following income tier:                  is--         is--
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Up to 150 percent.............................            0            0
150 percent up to 200 percent.................            0          2.0
200 percent up to 250 percent.................          2.0          4.0
250 percent up to 300 percent.................          4.0          6.0
300 percent up to 400 percent.................          6.0          8.5
400 percent and higher........................          8.5      8.5.''.
------------------------------------------------------------------------

            (2) Conforming amendments relating to affordability of 
        coverage.--
                    (A) Paragraph (1) of section 36B(c) of such Code is 
                amended by striking subparagraph (E).
                    (B) Subparagraph (C) of section 36B(c)(2) of such 
                Code is amended by striking clause (iv).
                    (C) Paragraph (4) of section 36B(c) of such Code is 
                amended by striking subparagraph (F).
    (c) Effective Date.--The amendments made by this section shall 
apply to taxable years beginning after December 31, 2025.

        TITLE IV--MEDICARE DENTAL, HEARING, AND VISION EXPANSION

SEC. 401. SHORT TITLE.

    This title may be cited as the ``Medicare Dental, Hearing, and 
Vision Expansion Act of 2026''.

SEC. 402. COVERAGE OF DENTAL AND ORAL HEALTH CARE.

    (a) Coverage.--Section 1861(s)(2) of the Social Security Act (42 
U.S.C. 1395x(s)(2)) is amended--
            (1) in subparagraph (JJ), by striking ``and'' at the end;
            (2) in subparagraph (KK), by inserting ``and'' after the 
        semicolon; and
            (3) by adding at the end the following new subparagraph:
            ``(LL) dental and oral health services (as defined in 
        subsection (ooo));''.
    (b) Dental and Oral Health Services Defined.--Section 1861 of the 
Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1395x) is amended by adding at the end 
the following new subsection:
    ``(ooo) Dental and Oral Health Services.--
            ``(1) In general.--Except as provided in paragraph (2), the 
        term `dental and oral health services' means the following 
        items and services that are furnished by a doctor of dental 
        surgery or of dental medicine (as described in subsection 
        (r)(2)) or an oral health professional (as defined in paragraph 
        (3)) on or after January 1, 2028 (or January 1, 2027, in the 
        case of dentures):
                    ``(A) Preventive and screening services.--
                Preventive and screening services, including oral 
                exams, dental cleanings, dental x-rays, and fluoride 
                treatments.
                    ``(B) Procedures and treatment services.--Services 
                to address oral disease, including services such as 
                restorative services, prosthodontic and endodontic 
                services, including fillings, bridges, crowns, and root 
                canals, periodontal maintenance, periodontal scaling 
                and root planing, tooth extractions, therapeutic 
                pulpotomy, and other related items and services.
                    ``(C) Dentures and dental prosthetics.--Complete 
                dentures, partial dentures, and implants, including 
                related items and services.
            ``(2) Exclusions.--Such term does not include items and 
        services for which, as of the date of the enactment of this 
        subsection, coverage was permissible under section 1862(a)(12) 
        and cosmetic services not otherwise covered under section 
        1862(a)(10).
            ``(3) Oral health professional.--The term `oral health 
        professional' means, with respect to dental and oral health 
        services, a health professional (other than a doctor of dental 
        surgery or of dental medicine (as described in subsection 
        (r)(2))) who is licensed to furnish such services, acting 
        within the scope of such license, by the State in which such 
        services are furnished.''.
    (c) Payment; Coinsurance; and Limitations.--
            (1) In general.--Section 1833(a)(1) of the Social Security 
        Act (42 U.S.C. 1395l(a)(1)) is amended--
                    (A) in subparagraph (N), by inserting ``and dental 
                and oral health services (as defined in section 
                1861(ooo))'' after ``section 1861(hhh)(1))'';
                    (B) by striking ``and'' before ``(HH)''; and
                    (C) by inserting before the semicolon at the end 
                the following: ``and (II) with respect to dental and 
                oral health services (as defined in section 1861(ooo)), 
                the amount paid shall be the payment amount specified 
                under section 1834(bb)''.
            (2) Payment and limits specified.--Section 1834 of the 
        Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1395m) is amended by adding at 
        the end the following new subsection:
    ``(bb) Payment and Limits for Dental and Oral Health Services.--
            ``(1) Payment.--The payment amount under this part for 
        dental and oral health services (as defined in section 
        1861(ooo)) shall be, subject to paragraphs (3) and (4), 80 
        percent (or 100 percent, in the case of preventive and 
        screening services described in section 1861(ooo)(1)(A)) of the 
        lesser of--
                    ``(A) the actual charge for the service; or
                    ``(B)(i) in the case of such services furnished by 
                a doctor of dental surgery or of dental medicine (as 
                described in section 1861(r)(2)), the amount determined 
                under the fee schedule established under paragraph (2); 
                or
                    ``(ii) in the case of such services furnished by an 
                oral health professional (as defined in section 
                1861(ooo)(3)), 85 percent of the amount determined 
                under the fee schedule established under paragraph (2).
            ``(2) Establishment of fee schedule for dental and oral 
        health services.--
                    ``(A) Establishment.--
                            ``(i) In general.--The Secretary shall 
                        establish a fee schedule for dental and oral 
                        health services furnished in 2028 (or 2027, in 
                        the case of dentures) and subsequent years. The 
                        fee schedule amount for a dental or oral health 
                        service shall be equal to 70 percent of the 
                        national median fee (as determined under 
                        subparagraph (B)) for the service or a similar 
                        service for the year (or, in the case of 
                        dentures, at the bundled payment amount under 
                        clause (iv) of such subparagraph), adjusted by 
                        the geographic adjustment factor established 
                        under section 1848(e)(2) for the area for the 
                        year.
                            ``(ii) Consultation.--In carrying out this 
                        paragraph, the Secretary shall consult annually 
                        with organizations representing dentists and 
                        other providers who furnish dental and oral 
                        health services and shall share with such 
                        providers the data and data analysis used to 
                        determine fee schedule amounts under this 
                        paragraph.
                    ``(B) Determination of national median fee.--
                            ``(i) In general.--For purposes of 
                        subparagraph (A), the Secretary shall apply the 
                        national median fee for a dental or oral health 
                        service for 2028 (or 2027, in the case of 
                        dentures) and subsequent years in accordance 
                        with this subparagraph.
                            ``(ii) Use of 2020 dental fee survey.--
                                    ``(I) In general.--Except as 
                                provided in clause (iii) and clause 
                                (iv), the national median fee for a 
                                dental or oral health service shall be 
                                equal to--
                                            ``(aa) for 2028 (or 2027, 
                                        in the case of dentures), the 
                                        median fee for the service in 
                                        the table titled `General 
                                        Practitioners-National' of the 
                                        `2020 Survey of Dental Fees' 
                                        published by the American 
                                        Dental Association, increased 
                                        by the applicable percent 
                                        increase for the year 
                                        determined under subclause 
                                        (II), as reduced by the 
                                        productivity adjustment under 
                                        subclause (III); and
                                            ``(bb) for 2029 (or 2028, 
                                        in the case of dentures) and 
                                        subsequent years, the amount 
                                        determined under this subclause 
                                        for the preceding year, updated 
                                        pursuant to subparagraph 
                                        (C)(i).
                                    ``(II) Applicable percent 
                                increase.--The applicable percent 
                                increase determined under this 
                                subclause for a year is an amount equal 
                                to the percentage increase between--
                                            ``(aa) the consumer price 
                                        index for all urban consumers 
                                        (United States city average) 
                                        ending with June of the 
                                        previous year; and
                                            ``(bb) the consumer price 
                                        index for all urban consumers 
                                        (United States city average) 
                                        ending with June of 2027 (or 
                                        2026, in the case of dentures).
                                    ``(III) Productivity adjustment.--
                                After determining the applicable 
                                percentage increase under subclause 
                                (II) for a year, the Secretary shall 
                                reduce such percentage increase by the 
                                productivity adjustment described in 
                                section 1886(b)(3)(B)(xi)(II).
                            ``(iii) Determination if insufficient 
                        survey data.--If the Secretary determines there 
                        is insufficient data under the Survey described 
                        in clause (ii) with respect to a dental or oral 
                        health service, the national median fee for the 
                        service for a year shall be equal to an amount 
                        established for the service using 1 or more of 
                        the following methods, as determined 
                        appropriate by the Secretary:
                                    ``(I) The payment basis determined 
                                under section 1848.
                                    ``(II) Fee schedules for dental and 
                                oral health services which shall 
                                include, as practicable, fee 
                                schedules--
                                            ``(aa) under Medicare 
                                        Advantage plans under part C;
                                            ``(bb) under State plans 
                                        (or waivers of such plans) 
                                        under title XIX; and
                                            ``(cc) established by other 
                                        health care payers.
                            ``(iv) Special rule for dentures.--
                                    ``(I) In general.--The Secretary 
                                shall make payment for dentures and 
                                associated professional services as a 
                                bundled payment as determined by the 
                                Secretary.
                                    ``(II) Payment considerations.--In 
                                establishing such bundled payment, the 
                                Secretary shall consider the national 
                                median fee for the service for the year 
                                determined under clause (ii) or (iii) 
                                and the rate determined for such 
                                dentures under the Federal Supply 
                                Schedule of the General Services 
                                Administration, as published by such 
                                Administration in 2021, updated to the 
                                year involved using the applicable 
                                percent increase for the year 
                                determined under clause (ii)(II), as 
                                reduced by the productivity adjustment 
                                under clause (ii)(III), and shall 
                                ensure that the payment component for 
                                dentures under such bundled payment 
                                does not exceed the maximum rate 
                                determined for such dentures under the 
                                Federal Supply Schedule, as so 
                                published and updated to the year 
                                involved.
                    ``(C) Annual update and adjustments.--
                            ``(i) Annual update.--The Secretary shall 
                        update payment amounts determined under the fee 
                        schedule from year to year beginning in 2029 
                        (or 2028, in the case of dentures) by 
                        increasing such amounts from the prior year by 
                        the percentage increase in the consumer price 
                        index for all urban consumers (United States 
                        city average) for the 12-month period ending 
                        with June of the preceding year, reduced by the 
                        productivity adjustment described in section 
                        1886(b)(3)(B)(xi)(II).
                            ``(ii) Adjustments.--
                                    ``(I) In general.--The Secretary 
                                shall, to the extent the Secretary 
                                determines to be necessary and subject 
                                to subclause (II), adjust the amounts 
                                determined under the fee schedule 
                                established under this paragraph for 
                                2029 (or 2028, in the case of dentures) 
                                and subsequent years to take into 
                                account changes in dental practice, 
                                coding changes, new data on work, 
                                practice, or malpractice expenses, or 
                                the addition of new procedures.
                                    ``(II) Limitation on annual 
                                adjustments.--The adjustments under 
                                subclause (I) for a year shall not 
                                cause the amount of expenditures under 
                                this part for the year to differ by 
                                more than $20,000,000 from the amount 
                                of expenditures under this part that 
                                would have been made if such 
                                adjustments had not been made.
            ``(3) Limitations.--With respect to dental and oral health 
        services that are preventive and screening services described 
        in paragraph (1)(A) of section 1861(ooo)--
                    ``(A) payment shall be made under this part for--
                            ``(i) not more than 2 oral exams in a year;
                            ``(ii) not more than 2 dental cleanings in 
                        a year;
                            ``(iii) not more than 1 fluoride treatment 
                        in a year; and
                            ``(iv) not more than 1 full-mouth series of 
                        x-rays as part of a preventive and screening 
                        oral exam every 3 years; and
                    ``(B) in the case of preventive and screening 
                services not described in subparagraph (A), payment 
                shall be made under this part only at such frequencies 
                determined appropriate by the Secretary.
            ``(4) Incentives for rural providers.--In the case of 
        dental and oral health services furnished by a doctor of dental 
        surgery or of dental medicine (as described in section 
        1861(r)(2)) or an oral health professional (as defined in 
        section 1861(ooo)(3)) who predominantly furnishes such services 
        under this part in an area that is designated by the Secretary 
        (under section 332(a)(1)(A) of the Public Health Service Act) 
        as a health professional shortage area, in addition to the 
        amount of payment that would otherwise be made for such 
        services under this subsection, there also shall be paid an 
        amount equal to 10 percent of the payment amount for the 
        service under this subsection for such doctor or professional.
            ``(5) Limitation on beneficiary liability.--The provisions 
        of section 1848(g) shall apply to a nonparticipating doctor of 
        dental surgery or of dental medicine (as described in section 
        1861(r)(2)) who does not accept payment on an assignment-
        related basis for dental and oral health services furnished 
        with respect to an individual enrolled under this part in the 
        same manner as such provisions apply with respect to a 
        physician's service.
            ``(6) Establishment of dental administrator.--The Secretary 
        shall designate 1 or more (not to exceed 4) medicare 
        administrative contractors under section 1874A to establish 
        coverage policies and establish such policies and process 
        claims for payment for dental and oral health services, as 
        determined appropriate by the Secretary.''.
    (d) Inclusion of Oral Health Professionals as Certain 
Practitioners.--Section 1842(b)(18)(C) of the Social Security Act (42 
U.S.C. 1395u(b)(18)(C)) is amended by adding at the end the following 
new clause:
            ``(ix) With respect to 2029 and each subsequent year, an 
        oral health professional (as defined in section 
        1861(ooo)(3)).''.
    (e) Exclusion Modifications.--Section 1862(a) of the Social 
Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1395y(a)) is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (1)--
                    (A) in subparagraph (O), by striking ``and'' at the 
                end;
                    (B) in subparagraph (P), by striking the semicolon 
                at the end and inserting ``, and''; and
                    (C) by adding at the end the following new 
                subparagraph:
            ``(Q) in the case of dental and oral health services (as 
        defined in section 1861(ooo)) for which a limitation is 
        applicable under section 1834(bb)(3), which are furnished more 
        frequently than is provided under such section;''; and
            (2) in paragraph (12), by inserting before the semicolon at 
        the end the following: ``and except that payment shall be made 
        under part B for dental and oral health services that are 
        covered under section 1861(s)(2)(LL)''.
    (f) Inclusion as Excepted Medical Treatment.--Section 1821(b)(5)(A) 
of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1395i-5(b)(5)(A)) is amended--
            (1) in clause (ii), by striking ``or'' at the end;
            (2) in clause (iii), by striking the period and inserting 
        ``, or''; and
            (3) by adding at the end the following new clause:
                            ``(iv) consisting of dental and oral health 
                        services (as defined in subsection (ooo) of 
                        section 1861) that are payable under part B as 
                        a result of the amendments made by the Medicare 
                        Dental, Hearing, and Vision Expansion Act of 
                        2026.''.
    (g) Rural Health Clinics and Federally Qualified Health Centers.--
            (1) Coverage of dental and oral health services.--Section 
        1861(aa) of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1395x(aa)), is 
        amended--
                    (A) in paragraph (1)--
                            (i) in subparagraph (C), by striking 
                        ``and'' at the end;
                            (ii) in subparagraph (D), by inserting 
                        ``and'' after the comma at the end; and
                            (iii) by inserting after subparagraph (D) 
                        the following new subparagraph:
                    ``(E) dental and oral health services (as defined 
                in subsection (ooo)) furnished by a doctor of dental 
                surgery or of dental medicine (as described in 
                subsection (r)(2)) or an oral health professional (as 
                defined in subsection (ooo)(3)) who is employed by or 
                working under contract with a rural health clinic if 
                such rural health clinic furnishes such services,''; 
                and
                    (B) in paragraph (3)(A), by striking ``(D)'' and 
                inserting ``(E)''.
            (2) Temporary payment rates for certain services under the 
        rhc air and fqhc pps.--
                    (A) AIR.--Section 1833 of the Social Security Act 
                (42 U.S.C. 1395l) is amended--
                            (i) in subsection (a)(3)(A), by inserting 
                        ``(which shall, in the case of dental and oral 
                        health services (as defined in section 
                        1861(ooo))), in lieu of any limits on 
                        reasonable costs otherwise applicable, be based 
                        on the rates payable for such services under 
                        the payment basis determined under section 1848 
                        until such time as the Secretary determines 
                        sufficient data has been collected to otherwise 
                        apply such limits (or January 1, 2031, if no 
                        such determination has been made as of such 
                        date))'' after ``may prescribe in 
                        regulations''; and
                            (ii) by adding at the end the following new 
                        subsection:
    ``(ee) Disregard of Costs Attributable to Certain Services From 
Calculation of RHC AIR.--Payments for rural health clinic services 
other than dental and oral health services (as defined in section 
1861(ooo)) under the methodology for all-inclusive rates (established 
by the Secretary) under subsection (a)(3) shall not take into account 
the costs of such services while rates for such services are based on 
rates payable for such services under the payment basis established 
under section 1848.''.
                    (B) PPS.--Section 1834(o) of the Social Security 
                Act (42 U.S.C. 1395m(o)) is amended by adding at the 
                end the following new paragraph:
            ``(6) Temporary payment rates based on pfs for certain 
        services.--The Secretary shall, in establishing payment rates 
        for dental and oral health services (as defined in section 
        1861(ooo)) that are federally qualified health center services 
        under the prospective payment system established under this 
        subsection, in lieu of the rates otherwise applicable under 
        such system, base such rates on rates payable for such services 
        under the payment basis established under section 1848 until 
        such time as the Secretary determines sufficient data has been 
        collected to otherwise establish rates for such services under 
        such system (or January 1, 2031, if no such determination has 
        been made as of such date). Payments for federally qualified 
        health center services other than such dental and oral health 
        services under such system shall not take into account the 
        costs of such services while rates for such services are based 
        on rates payable for such services under the payment basis 
        established under section 1848.''.
    (h) Implementation.--In addition to amounts otherwise available, 
there is appropriated to the Secretary of Health and Human Services for 
fiscal year 2026, out of any money in the Treasury not otherwise 
appropriated, $900,000,000, to remain available until expended, for 
purposes of implementing the amendments made by this section during the 
period beginning on January 1, 2026, and ending on September 30, 2035.

SEC. 403. PROVIDING COVERAGE FOR HEARING CARE UNDER THE MEDICARE 
              PROGRAM.

    (a) Provision of Audiology Services by Qualified Audiologists and 
Hearing Aid Examination Services by Qualified Hearing Aid 
Professionals.--
            (1) In general.--Section 1861(ll) of the Social Security 
        Act (42 U.S.C. 1395x(ll)) is amended--
                    (A) in paragraph (3)--
                            (i) by inserting ``(A)'' after ``(3)'';
                            (ii) in subparagraph (A), as added by 
                        clause (i) of this subparagraph--
                                    (I) by striking ``means such 
                                hearing and balance assessment 
                                services'' and inserting ``means--
                            ``(i) such hearing and balance assessment 
                        services and, beginning January 1, 2028, such 
                        hearing aid examination services and treatment 
                        services (including aural rehabilitation, 
                        vestibular rehabilitation, and cerumen 
                        management)'';
                                    (II) in clause (i), as added by 
                                subclause (I) of this clause, by 
                                striking the period at the end and 
                                inserting ``; and''; and
                                    (III) by adding at the end the 
                                following new clause:
                            ``(ii) beginning January 1, 2028, such 
                        hearing aid examination services furnished by a 
                        qualified hearing aid professional (as defined 
                        in paragraph (4)(C)) as the professional is 
                        legally authorized to perform under State law 
                        (or the State regulatory mechanism provided by 
                        State law), as would otherwise be covered if 
                        furnished by a physician.''; and
                            (iii) by adding at the end the following 
                        new subparagraph:
            ``(B) Beginning January 1, 2028, audiology services 
        described in subparagraph (A)(i) shall be furnished without a 
        requirement for an order from a physician or practitioner.''; 
        and
                    (B) in paragraph (4), by adding at the end the 
                following new subparagraph:
                    ``(C) The term `qualified hearing aid professional' 
                means an individual who--
                            ``(i) is licensed or registered as a 
                        hearing aid dispenser, hearing aid specialist, 
                        hearing instrument dispenser, or related 
                        professional by the State in which the 
                        individual furnishes such services; and
                            ``(ii) is accredited by the National Board 
                        for Certification in Hearing Instrument 
                        Sciences or meets such other requirements as 
                        the Secretary determines appropriate (including 
                        requirements relating to educational 
                        certifications or accreditations) taking into 
                        account any additional relevant requirements 
                        for hearing aid specialists, hearing aid 
                        dispensers, and hearing instrument dispensers 
                        established by Medicare Advantage organizations 
                        under part C, State plans (or waivers of such 
                        plans) under title XIX, and group health plans 
                        and health insurance issuers (as such terms are 
                        defined in section 2791 of the Public Health 
                        Service Act).''.
            (2) Payment for qualified hearing aid professionals.--
        Section 1833(a)(1) of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 
        1395l(a)(1)), as amended by section 402(c)(1), is amended--
                    (A) by striking ``and'' before ``(II)''; and
                    (B) by inserting before the semicolon at the end 
                the following: ``and (JJ) with respect to hearing aid 
                examination services (as described in paragraph 
                (3)(A)(ii) of section 1861(ll)) furnished by a 
                qualified hearing aid professional (as defined in 
                paragraph (4)(C) of such section), the amounts paid 
                shall be equal to 80 percent of the lesser of the 
                actual charge for such services or 85 percent of the 
                amount for such services determined under the payment 
                basis determined under section 1848''.
            (3) Inclusion of qualified audiologists and qualified 
        hearing aid professionals as certain practitioners to receive 
        payment on an assignment-related basis.--
                    (A) Qualified audiologists.--Section 1842(b)(18)(C) 
                of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1395u(b)(18)(C)), 
                as amended by section 402(d), is amended by adding at 
                the end the following new clause:
            ``(x) Beginning on January 1, 2028, a qualified audiologist 
        (as defined in section 1861(ll)(4)(B)).''.
                    (B) Qualified hearing aid professionals.--Section 
                1842(b)(18) of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 
                1395u(b)(18)) is amended--
                            (i) in each of subparagraphs (A) and (B), 
                        by striking ``subparagraph (C)'' and inserting 
                        ``subparagraph (C) or, beginning on January 1, 
                        2028, subparagraph (E)''; and
                            (ii) by adding at the end the following new 
                        subparagraph:
    ``(E) A practitioner described in this subparagraph is a qualified 
hearing aid professional (as defined in section 1861(ll)(4)(C)).''.
    (b) Coverage of Hearing Aids.--
            (1) Inclusion of hearing aids as prosthetic devices.--
        Section 1861(s)(8) of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 
        1395x(s)(8)) is amended by inserting ``, and including hearing 
        aids (as described in section 1834(h)(7)) furnished on or after 
        January 1, 2028, to individuals with moderately severe, severe, 
        or profound hearing loss'' before the semicolon at the end.
            (2) Payment limitations for hearing aids.--Section 1834(h) 
        of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1395m(h)) is amended by 
        adding at the end the following new paragraphs:
            ``(6) Payment only on an assignment-related basis.--Payment 
        for hearing aids for which payment may be made under this part 
        may be made only on an assignment-related basis. The provisions 
        of subparagraphs (A) and (B) of section 1842(b)(18) shall apply 
        to hearing aids in the same manner as they apply to services 
        furnished by a practitioner described in subparagraph (C) of 
        such section.
            ``(7) Limitations for hearing aids.--
                    ``(A) In general.--Payment may be made under this 
                part with respect to an individual, with respect to 
                hearing aids furnished by a qualified hearing aid 
                supplier (as defined in subparagraph (C)) on or after 
                January 1, 2028--
                            ``(i) not more than once per ear during a 
                        5-year period;
                            ``(ii) only for types of such hearing aids 
                        that are determined appropriate by the 
                        Secretary; and
                            ``(iii) only if furnished pursuant to a 
                        written order of a physician, qualified 
                        audiologist (as defined in section 
                        1861(ll)(4)), qualified hearing aid 
                        professional (as defined in subparagraph (C) of 
                        such section), physician assistant, nurse 
                        practitioner, or clinical nurse specialist.
                    ``(B) Special rule.--The payment basis determined 
                under this subsection (including after application of 
                paragraph (1)(H), relating to application of 
                competitive acquisition) for hearing aids furnished by 
                a qualified hearing aid supplier on or after January 1, 
                2028, shall not exceed the rate determined for such 
                hearing aids under the Federal Supply Schedule of the 
                General Services Administration, as published by such 
                Administration in 2021, updated to the year involved 
                using the applicable percent increase for the year.
                    ``(C) Definitions.--In this subsection:
                            ``(i) Hearing aid.--The term `hearing aid' 
                        means the item and related services including 
                        selection, fitting, adjustment, and patient 
                        education and training.
                            ``(ii) Qualified hearing aid supplier.--The 
                        term `qualified hearing aid supplier' means--
                                    ``(I) a qualified audiologist;
                                    ``(II) a physician (as defined in 
                                section 1861(r)(1));
                                    ``(III) a physician assistant, 
                                nurse practitioner, or clinical nurse 
                                specialist;
                                    ``(IV) a qualified hearing aid 
                                professional (as defined in section 
                                1861(ll)(4)(C)); and
                                    ``(V) other suppliers as determined 
                                by the Secretary.''.
            (3) Application of competitive acquisition.--
                    (A) In general.--Section 1834(h)(1)(H) of the 
                Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1395m(h)(1)(H)) is 
                amended--
                            (i) in the header, by inserting ``and 
                        hearing aids'' after ``orthotics'';
                            (ii) in the matter preceding clause (i), by 
                        inserting ``or of hearing aids described in 
                        paragraph (2)(E) of such section,'' after 
                        ``2011,''; and
                            (iii) in clause (i), by inserting ``or such 
                        hearing aids'' after ``such orthotics''.
                    (B) Conforming amendments.--
                            (i) In general.--Section 1847(a)(2) of the 
                        Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1395w-3(a)(2)) 
                        is amended by adding at the end the following 
                        new subparagraph:
                    ``(E) Hearing aids.--Hearing aids described in 
                section 1861(s)(8) for which payment would otherwise be 
                made under section 1834(h).''.
                            (ii) Exemption of certain items from 
                        competitive acquisition.--Section 1847(a)(7) of 
                        the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1395w-
                        3(a)(7)) is amended by adding at the end the 
                        following new subparagraph:
                    ``(C) Certain hearing aids.--Those items and 
                services described in paragraph (2)(E) if furnished by 
                a physician or other practitioner (as defined by the 
                Secretary) to the physician's or practitioner's own 
                patients as part of the physician's or practitioner's 
                professional service.''.
                            (iii) Implementation.--Section 1847(a) of 
                        the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1395w-3(a)) 
                        is amended by adding at the end the following 
                        new paragraph:
            ``(8) Competition with respect to hearing aids.--Not later 
        than January 1, 2031, the Secretary shall begin the competition 
        with respect to the items and services described in paragraph 
        (2)(E).''.
            (4) Physician self-referral law.--Section 1877(b) of the 
        Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1395nn(b)) is amended by adding 
        at the end the following new paragraph:
            ``(6) Hearing aids and services.--In the case of hearing 
        aid examination services and hearing aids--
                    ``(A) furnished on or after January 1, 2028, and 
                before January 1, 2030; and
                    ``(B) furnished on or after January 1, 2030, if the 
                financial relationship specified in subsection (a)(2) 
                meets such requirements the Secretary imposes by 
                regulation to protect against program or patient 
                abuse.''.
    (c) Exclusion Modification.--Section 1862(a)(7) of the Social 
Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1395y(a)(7)) is amended by inserting ``(except 
such hearing aids or examinations therefor as described in and 
otherwise allowed under section 1861(s)(8))'' after ``hearing aids or 
examinations therefor''.
    (d) Inclusion as Excepted Medical Treatment.--Section 
1821(b)(5)(A)(iv) of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1395i-
5(b)(5)(A)(iv)), as added by section 402(f), is amended by inserting 
``, audiology services described in subsection (ll)(3) of such section, 
or hearing aids described in subsection (s)(8) of such section'' after 
``section 1861)''.
    (e) Rural Health Clinics and Federally Qualified Health Centers.--
            (1) Clarifying coverage of audiology services as 
        physicians' services.--Section 1861(aa)(1)(A) of the Social 
        Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1395x(aa)(1)(A)) is amended by 
        inserting ``(including audiology services (as defined in 
        subsection (ll)(3)))'' after ``physicians' services''.
            (2) Inclusion of qualified audiologists and qualified 
        hearing aid professionals as rhc and fqhc practitioners.--
        Section 1861(aa)(1)(B) of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 
        1395x(aa)(1)(B)) is amended by inserting ``or by a qualified 
        audiologist or a qualified hearing aid professional (as such 
        terms are defined in subsection (ll)),'' after ``(as defined in 
        subsection (hh)(1)),''.
            (3) Temporary payment rates for certain services under the 
        rhc air and fqhc pps.--
                    (A) AIR.--Section 1833 of the Social Security Act 
                (42 U.S.C. 1395l), as amended by section 402(g)(2)(A), 
                is amended--
                            (i) in subsection (a)(3)(A), by inserting 
                        ``or audiology services (as defined in section 
                        1861(ll)(3))'' after ``(as defined in section 
                        1861(ooo))''; and
                            (ii) in subsection (ee), by inserting ``or 
                        audiology services (as defined in section 
                        1861(ll)(3))'' after ``(as defined in section 
                        1861(ooo))''.
                    (B) PPS.--Section 1834(o)(6) of the Social Security 
                Act (42 U.S.C. 1395m(o)(6)), as added by section 
                402(g)(2)(B), is amended--
                            (i) in the first sentence, by inserting 
                        ``or audiology services (as defined in section 
                        1861(ll)(3))'' after ``(as defined in section 
                        1861(ooo))''; and
                            (ii) in the second sentence, by inserting 
                        ``or such audiology services'' after ``such 
                        dental and oral health services''.
    (f) Expediting Implementation.--The Secretary of Health and Human 
Services shall implement this section for 2028 and 2029 through program 
instruction or other forms of program guidance.
    (g) Funding.--In addition to amounts otherwise available, there is 
appropriated to the Secretary of Health and Human Services for fiscal 
year 2026, out of any money in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, 
$370,000,000, to remain available until expended, for purposes of 
implementing the amendments made by this section during the period 
beginning on January 1, 2027, and ending on September 30, 2036.

SEC. 404. PROVIDING COVERAGE FOR VISION CARE UNDER THE MEDICARE 
              PROGRAM.

    (a) Coverage.--Section 1861(s)(2) of the Social Security Act (42 
U.S.C. 1395x(s)(2)), as amended by section 402(a), is amended--
            (1) in subparagraph (KK), by striking ``and'' at the end;
            (2) in subparagraph (LL), by inserting ``and'' after the 
        semicolon; and
            (3) by adding at the end the following new subparagraph:
            ``(MM) vision services (as defined in subsection (ppp));''.
    (b) Vision Services Defined.--Section 1861 of the Social Security 
Act (42 U.S.C. 1395x), as amended by section 402(b), is amended by 
adding at the end the following new subsection:
    ``(ppp) Vision Services.--The term `vision services' means routine 
eye examinations to determine the refractive state of the eyes, 
including procedures performed during the course of such examination, 
furnished on or after January 1, 2028, by or under the direct 
supervision of an ophthalmologist or optometrist who is legally 
authorized to furnish such examinations or procedures (as applicable) 
under State law (or the State regulatory mechanism provided by State 
law) of the State in which the examinations or procedures are 
furnished.''.
    (c) Payment Limitations.--Section 1834 of the Social Security Act 
(42 U.S.C. 1395m), as amended by section 402(c)(2), is amended by 
adding at the end the following new subsection:
    ``(cc) Limitation for Vision Services.--With respect to vision 
services (as defined in section 1861(ppp)) and an individual, payment 
shall be made under this part for only 1 routine eye examination 
described in such subsection during a 2-year period.''.
    (d) Payment Under Physician Fee Schedule.--Section 1848(j)(3) of 
the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1395w-4(j)(3)) is amended by 
inserting ``(2)(MM),'' before ``(3)''.
    (e) Coverage of Conventional Eyeglasses.--Section 1861(s)(8) of the 
Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1395x(s)(8)), as amended by section 
403(b)(1), is amended by striking ``, and including one pair of 
conventional eyeglasses or contact lenses furnished subsequent to each 
cataract surgery with insertion of an intraocular lens'' and inserting 
``, including 1 pair of conventional eyeglasses or contact lenses 
furnished subsequent to each cataract surgery with insertion of an 
intraocular lens, if furnished before January 1, 2028, and including 
conventional eyeglasses (as described in section 1834(h)(8)), whether 
or not furnished subsequent to such a surgery, if furnished on or after 
January 1, 2028''.
    (f) Special Payment Rules for Eyeglasses.--
            (1) Limitations.--Section 1834(h) of the Social Security 
        Act (42 U.S.C. 1395m(h)), as amended by section 403(b)(2), is 
        amended by adding at the end the following new paragraph:
            ``(8) Payment limitations for eyeglasses.--
                    ``(A) In general.--With respect to conventional 
                eyeglasses furnished to an individual on or after 
                January 1, 2028, subject to subparagraph (B), payment 
                shall be made under this part only during a 2-year 
                period, for 1 pair of eyeglasses (including lenses and 
                the frame).
                    ``(B) Exception.--With respect to a 2-year period 
                described in subparagraph (A), in the case of an 
                individual who receives cataract surgery with insertion 
                of an intraocular lens, payment shall be made under 
                this part for 1 pair of conventional eyeglasses 
                furnished subsequent to such cataract surgery during 
                such period.
                    ``(C) Special rule.--The payment basis determined 
                under this subsection (including after application of 
                paragraph (1)(H), relating to application of 
                competitive acquisition) for conventional eyeglasses 
                furnished to an individual on or after January 1, 2028, 
                shall not exceed the rate determined for such 
                eyeglasses under the Federal Supply Schedule of the 
                General Services Administration, as published by such 
                Administration in 2021, updated to the year involved 
                using the applicable percent increase for the year.
                    ``(D) No coverage of certain items.--Payment shall 
                not be made under this part for deluxe eyeglasses or 
                conventional reading glasses.''.
            (2) Application of competitive acquisition.--
                    (A) In general.--Section 1834(h)(1)(H) of the 
                Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1395m(h)(1)(H)), as 
                amended by section 403(b)(3)(A), is amended--
                            (i) in the heading, by striking ``and 
                        hearing aids'' and inserting ``hearing aids, 
                        and eyeglasses'';
                            (ii) in the matter preceding clause (i)--
                                    (I) by striking ``or of hearing 
                                aids'' and inserting ``of hearing 
                                aids''; and
                                    (II) by inserting ``or of 
                                eyeglasses described in paragraph 
                                (2)(F) of such section,'' after 
                                ``paragraph (2)(E) of such section,''; 
                                and
                            (iii) in clause (i), by striking ``or such 
                        hearing aids'' and inserting ``, such hearing 
                        aids, or such eyeglasses''.
                    (B) Conforming amendment.--Section 1847(a)(2) of 
                the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1395w-3(a)(2)), as 
                amended by section 403(b)(3)(B)(i), is amended by 
                adding at the end the following new subparagraph:
                    ``(F) Eyeglasses.--Eyeglasses described in section 
                1861(s)(8) for which payment would otherwise be made 
                under section 1834(h).''.
                    (C) Implementation.--Section 1847(a) of the Social 
                Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1395w-3(a)), as amended by 
                section 403(b)(3)(B)(iii), is amended by adding at the 
                end the following new paragraph:
            ``(9) Competition with respect to eyeglasses.--Not later 
        than January 1, 2030, the Secretary shall begin the competition 
        with respect to the items and services described in paragraph 
        (2)(F).''.
    (g) Exclusion Modifications.--Section 1862(a) of the Social 
Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1395y(a)), as amended by section 402(e), is 
amended--
            (1) in paragraph (1)--
                    (A) in subparagraph (P), by striking ``and'' at the 
                end;
                    (B) in subparagraph (Q), by striking the semicolon 
                at the end and inserting ``, and''; and
                    (C) by adding at the end the following new 
                subparagraph:
            ``(R) in the case of vision services (as defined in section 
        1861(ppp)) that are routine eye examinations as described in 
        such section, which are furnished more frequently than once 
        during a 2-year period;''; and
            (2) in paragraph (7)--
                    (A) by inserting ``(other than such an examination 
                that is a vision service that is covered under section 
                1861(s)(2)(MM))'' after ``eye examinations''; and
                    (B) by inserting ``(other than such a procedure 
                that is a vision service that is covered under section 
                1861(s)(2)(MM))'' after ``refractive state of the 
                eyes''.
    (h) Inclusion as Excepted Medical Treatment.--Section 
1821(b)(5)(A)(iv) of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1395i-
5(b)(5)(A)(iv)), as added by section 402(f) and amended by section 
403(d), is amended--
            (1) by striking ``or hearing aids'' and inserting ``hearing 
        aids''; and
            (2) by inserting ``, or vision services (as defined in 
        subsection (ppp) of such section)'' after ``subsection (s)(8) 
        of such section''.
    (i) Rural Health Clinics and Federally Qualified Health Centers.--
            (1) Clarifying coverage of vision services as physicians' 
        services.--Section 1861(aa)(1)(A) of the Social Security Act 
        (42 U.S.C. 1395x(aa)(1)(A)), as amended by section 403(e)(1), 
        is amended by inserting ``and vision services (as defined in 
        subsection (ppp))'' after ``(as defined in subsection 
        (ll)(3))''.
            (2) Temporary payment rates for certain services under the 
        rhc air and fqhc pps.--
                    (A) AIR.--Section 1833 of the Social Security Act 
                (42 U.S.C. 1395l), as amended by sections 402(g)(2)(A) 
                and 403(e)(3)(A), is amended--
                            (i) in subsection (a)(3)(A)--
                                    (I) by striking ``or audiology'' 
                                and inserting ``, audiology''; and
                                    (II) by inserting ``, or vision 
                                services (as defined in section 
                                1861(ppp))'' after ``(as defined in 
                                section 1861(ll)(3))''; and
                            (ii) in subsection (ee)--
                                    (I) by striking ``or audiology'' 
                                and inserting ``, audiology''; and
                                    (II) by inserting ``, or vision 
                                services (as defined in section 
                                1861(ppp))'' after ``(as defined in 
                                section 1861(ll)(3))''.
                    (B) PPS.--Section 1834(o)(6) of the Social Security 
                Act (42 U.S.C. 1395m(o)(6)), as added by section 
                402(g)(2)(B) and amended by section 403(e)(3)(B), is 
                amended--
                            (i) in the first sentence--
                                    (I) by striking ``or audiology'' 
                                and inserting ``, audiology''; and
                                    (II) by inserting ``, or vision 
                                services (as defined in section 
                                1861(ppp))'' after ``(as defined in 
                                section 1861(ll)(3))''; and
                            (ii) in the second sentence, by striking 
                        ``or such audiology services'' and inserting 
                        ``, such audiology services, or such vision 
                        services''.
    (j) Expediting Implementation.--The Secretary of Health and Human 
Services shall implement this section for 2028 and 2029 through program 
instruction or other forms of program guidance.
    (k) Funding.--In addition to amounts otherwise available, there is 
appropriated to the Secretary of Health and Human Services for fiscal 
year 2026, out of any money in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, 
$500,000,000, to remain available until expended, for purposes of 
implementing the amendments made by this section during the period 
beginning on January 1, 2027, and ending on September 30, 2035.

SEC. 405. PHASE-IN OF IMPACT OF DENTAL AND ORAL HEALTH COVERAGE ON PART 
              B PREMIUMS.

    Section 1839(a) of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1395r(a)) is 
amended--
            (1) in the second sentence of paragraph (1), by striking 
        ``and (7)'' and inserting ``(7), and (8)'';
            (2) in paragraph (3), by striking ``The Secretary'' and 
        inserting ``Subject to paragraph (8)(C), the Secretary''; and
            (3) by adding at the end the following:
            ``(8) Special rule for 2027 through 2031.--
                    ``(A) Determination of alternative monthly 
                actuarial rate for each of 2027 through 2031.--For each 
                of 2027 through 2031, the Secretary shall, at the same 
                time as and in addition to the determination of the 
                monthly actuarial rate for enrollees age 65 and over 
                determined in each of 2026 through 2030 for the 
                succeeding calendar year according to paragraph (1), 
                determine an alternative monthly actuarial rate for 
                enrollees age 65 and over for the year as described in 
                subparagraph (B).
                    ``(B) Alternative monthly actuarial rate 
                described.--
                            ``(i) In general.--The alternative monthly 
                        actuarial rate described in this subparagraph 
                        is--
                                    ``(I) for 2027 and 2028, the 
                                monthly actuarial rate for enrollees 
                                age 65 and over for the year, 
                                determined as if the amendments made by 
                                section 402 of the Medicare Dental, 
                                Hearing, and Vision Expansion Act of 
                                2026 did not apply; and
                                    ``(II) for 2029, 2030, and 2031, 
                                the monthly actuarial rate for 
                                enrollees age 65 and over for the year, 
                                determined as if the amendments made by 
                                such section 402 did not apply, plus 
                                the applicable percent of the amount by 
                                which--
                                            ``(aa) the monthly 
                                        actuarial rate for enrollees 
                                        age 65 and over for the year 
                                        determined according to 
                                        paragraph (1); exceeds
                                            ``(bb) the monthly 
                                        actuarial rate for enrollees 
                                        age 65 and over for the year, 
                                        determined as if the amendments 
                                        made by such section 402 did 
                                        not apply.
                            ``(ii) Definition of applicable percent.--
                        For purposes of this subparagraph, the term 
                        `applicable percent' means--
                                    ``(I) for 2029, 25 percent;
                                    ``(II) for 2030, 50 percent; and
                                    ``(III) for 2031, 75 percent.
                    ``(C) Application to part b premium and other 
                provisions of this part.--For each of 2027 through 
                2031, the Secretary shall use the alternative monthly 
                actuarial rate for enrollees age 65 and over for the 
                year determined under subparagraph (A), in lieu of the 
                monthly actuarial rate for such enrollees for the year 
                determined according to paragraph (1), when determining 
                the monthly premium rate for the year under paragraph 
                (3) and subsection (j), the part B deductible under 
                section 1833(b), and the premium subsidy and monthly 
                adjustment amount under subsection (i).''.

                      TITLE V--HOUSING TRUST FUND

SEC. 501. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.

    Section 1338(a) of the Federal Housing Enterprises Financial Safety 
and Soundness Act of 1992 (12 U.S.C. 4568(a)) is amended by adding at 
the end the following:
            ``(3) Authorization of appropriations.--There is authorized 
        to be appropriated to the Housing Trust Fund $85,647,000,000 
        for each of fiscal years 2026 through 2035.''.

          TITLE VI--AFFORDABLE CHILD CARE FOR WORKING FAMILIES

SEC. 601. BIRTH THROUGH FIVE CHILD CARE AND EARLY LEARNING ENTITLEMENT.

    (a) Child Care Definitions.--The definitions in section 658P of the 
Child Care and Development Block Grant Act of 1990 (42 U.S.C. 9858n) 
shall apply to this section, except as provided in subsection (b) and 
as otherwise specified.
    (b) Additional Definitions.--In this section:
            (1) Child care certificate.--
                    (A) In general.--The term ``child care 
                certificate'' means a certificate (that may be a check 
                or other disbursement) that is issued by a State, 
                tribal, territorial, or local government under this 
                section directly to a parent who shall use such 
                certificate only as payment for child care services or 
                as a deposit for child care services if such a deposit 
                is required of other children being cared for by the 
                provider.
                    (B) Rule.--Nothing in this section shall preclude 
                the use of such certificates for sectarian child care 
                services if freely chosen by the parent. For the 
                purposes of this section, child care certificates shall 
                be considered indirect Federal financial assistance to 
                the provider.
            (2) Child experiencing homelessness.--The term ``child 
        experiencing homelessness'' means an individual who is a 
        homeless child or youth under section 725 of the McKinney-Vento 
        Homeless Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 11434a).
            (3) Eligible activity.--The term ``eligible activity'', 
        with respect to a parent, shall include, at minimum, activities 
        consisting of--
                    (A) full-time or part-time employment;
                    (B) self-employment;
                    (C) job search activities;
                    (D) job training;
                    (E) secondary, postsecondary, or adult education, 
                including education through a program of high school 
                classes, a course of study at an institution of higher 
                education, classes towards an equivalent of a high 
                school diploma recognized by State law, or English as a 
                second language classes;
                    (F) health treatment (including mental health and 
                substance use treatment) for a condition that prevents 
                the parent from participating in other eligible 
                activities;
                    (G) activities to prevent child abuse and neglect, 
                or family violence prevention or intervention 
                activities;
                    (H) employment and training activities under the 
                supplemental nutrition assistance program established 
                under section 6(d)(4) the Food and Nutrition Act of 
                2008 (7 U.S.C. 2015(d)(4));
                    (I) employment and training activities under the 
                Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act (29 U.S.C. 
                3101 et seq.);
                    (J) a work activity described in subsection (d) of 
                section 407 of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 607) 
                for which, consistent with clauses (ii) and (iii) of 
                section 402(a)(1)(A) of such Act (42 U.S.C. 
                602(a)(1)(A)), a parent or caretaker is treated as 
                being engaged in work for a month in a fiscal year for 
                purposes of the program of block grants to States for 
                temporary assistance for needy families established 
                under part A of title IV of the Social Security Act (42 
                U.S.C. 601 et seq.); and
                    (K) taking leave under the Family and Medical Leave 
                Act of 1993 (29 U.S.C. 2601 et seq.) (or equivalent 
                provisions for Federal employees), a State or local 
                paid or unpaid leave law, or a program of employer-
                provided leave.
            (4) Eligible child.--
                    (A) In general.--The term ``eligible child'' means 
                an individual--
                            (i) who is less than 6 years of age;
                            (ii) who is not yet in kindergarten;
                            (iii) whose family income does not exceed 
                        250 percent of the State median income for a 
                        family of the same size for the fiscal year 
                        involved, for each fiscal year beginning with 
                        fiscal year 2026; and
                            (iv) who--
                                    (I) resides with a parent or 
                                parents who are participating in an 
                                eligible activity;
                                    (II) is included in a population of 
                                vulnerable children identified by the 
                                lead agency involved, which at a 
                                minimum shall include children with 
                                disabilities, infants and toddlers with 
                                disabilities, children experiencing 
                                homelessness, children in foster care, 
                                children in kinship care, and children 
                                who are receiving, or need to receive, 
                                child protective services; or
                                    (III) resides with a parent who is 
                                more than 65 years of age.
                    (B) Longer-term period eligibility.--For purposes 
                of determining eligibility under this paragraph, an 
                individual who is determined to be an eligible child 
                shall continue to be considered an eligible child and 
                shall not be required to reverify eligibility for 
                purposes of this section during the period--
                            (i) that begins on the date of the 
                        determination; and
                            (ii) that ends on the earlier of the date 
                        the individual becomes 6 years of age or the 
                        date the individual enters kindergarten.
            (5) Eligible child care provider.--
                    (A) In general.--The term ``eligible child care 
                provider'' means a center-based child care provider, a 
                family child care provider, or other provider of child 
                care services for compensation that--
                            (i) is licensed to provide child care 
                        services under State law applicable to the 
                        child care services it provides or, in the case 
                        of an Indian Tribe or tribal organization, 
                        meets the rules set by the Secretary;
                            (ii) participates in the State's tiered 
                        system for measuring and supporting the quality 
                        of eligible child care providers described in 
                        subsection (f)(3)(B), or, in the case of an 
                        Indian Tribe or tribal organization, meets the 
                        rules set by the Secretary--
                                    (I) not later than 3 years after 
                                the State first receives funds under 
                                this section; and
                                    (II) for the remainder of the 
                                period for which the provider receives 
                                funds under this section; and
                            (iii) satisfies the State and local 
                        requirements, including those requirements 
                        described in section 658E(c)(2)(I) of the Child 
                        Care and Development Block Grant Act of 1990 
                        (42 U.S.C. 9858c(c)(2)(I)), applicable to the 
                        child care services it provides.
                    (B) Special rule.--A child care provider who is 
                eligible to provide child care services in a State for 
                children receiving assistance under the Child Care and 
                Development Block Grant Act of 1990 (42 U.S.C. 9857 et 
                seq.) on the date the State submits an application for 
                funds under this section, and remains in compliance 
                with any licensing or registration standards, or 
                regulations, of the State, shall be deemed to be an 
                eligible child care provider under this section for 3 
                years after the State first receives funds under this 
                section.
            (6) FMAP.--The term ``FMAP'' has the meaning given the term 
        ``Federal medical assistance percentage'' in the first sentence 
        of section 1905(b) of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 
        1396d(b)).
            (7) Family child care provider.--The term ``family child 
        care provider'' means one or more individuals who provide child 
        care services, in a private residence other than the residences 
        of the children involved, for less than 24 hours per day per 
        child, or for 24 hours per day per child due to the nature of 
        the work of the parent involved.
            (8) Inclusive care.--The term ``inclusive'', with respect 
        to care (including child care), means care provided by an 
        eligible child care provider--
                    (A) for whom the percentage of children served by 
                the provider who are children with disabilities or 
                infants or toddlers with disabilities reflects the 
                prevalence of children with disabilities and infants 
                and toddlers with disabilities (whichever the provider 
                serves) among children within the State involved; and
                    (B) that provides care and full participation for 
                children with disabilities and infants and toddlers 
                with disabilities (whichever the provider serves) 
                alongside children who are--
                            (i) not children with disabilities; and
                            (ii) not infants and toddlers with 
                        disabilities.
            (9) Infant or toddler.--The term ``infant or toddler'' 
        means an individual who is less than 3 years of age.
            (10) Infant or toddler with a disability.--The term 
        ``infant or toddler with a disability'' has the meaning given 
        the term in section 632 of the Individuals with Disabilities 
        Education Act (20 U.S.C. 1432).
            (11) Lead agency.--The term ``lead agency'' means the 
        agency designated under subsection (e).
            (12) Provider type.--The term ``provider type'' means a 
        type that is--
                    (A) a center-based child care provider;
                    (B) a family child care provider; or
                    (C) another non-center-based child care provider.
            (13) Staffed family child care network.--The term ``staffed 
        family child care network'' means a nonprofit organization or 
        nonprofit cooperative--
                    (A) that may be a component of a child care 
                resource and referral organization;
                    (B) that has at least one paid staff member; and
                    (C) that offers evidence-based professional 
                development, quality improvement support, business 
                support, and technical assistance, including on 
                achieving licensure as a child care provider, to family 
                child care providers.
            (14) State.--The term ``State'' means any of the 50 States 
        and the District of Columbia.
            (15) Territory.--The term ``territory'' means the 
        Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands of the United 
        States, Guam, American Samoa, and the Commonwealth of the 
        Northern Mariana Islands.
    (c) Appropriations.--
            (1) States, indian tribes and tribal organizations, and 
        territories entitlement.--In addition to amounts otherwise 
        available, there is appropriated to the Department of Health 
        and Human Services for fiscal year 2026 and each subsequent 
        fiscal year, out of any money in the Treasury not otherwise 
        appropriated, such sums as may be necessary for payments to 
        States, territories, and Indian Tribes and tribal organizations 
        for carrying out the child care program described in this 
        section (other than carrying out activities described in 
        paragraph (2) or (3)).
            (2) Grants to localities; awards to head start agencies.--
        In addition to amounts otherwise available, there is 
        appropriated to the Department of Health and Human Services for 
        fiscal year 2026, out of any money in the Treasury not 
        otherwise appropriated $20,000,000,000, to carry out the 
        program of grants to localities, and the program of awards to 
        Head Start agencies, described in subsection (i).
            (3) Federal administration.--Notwithstanding paragraph (1) 
        or (2), of the funds appropriated under this section for a 
        fiscal year, the Secretary of Health and Human Services may 
        reserve an amount equal to not more than 0.5 percent of the 
        funds appropriated under this section for the prior fiscal 
        year, for purposes of Federal administration of this section.
    (d) Establishment of Birth Through Five Child Care and Early 
Learning Entitlement Program.--
            (1) In general.--The Secretary is authorized to administer 
        a child care and early learning entitlement program under which 
        an eligible child, in a State, territory, or Indian Tribe, or 
        served by a tribal organization, with an approved application 
        under subsection (f) or (g), shall be provided an opportunity 
        to obtain high-quality child care services, subject to the 
        requirements of this section.
            (2) Assistance for every eligible child.--Beginning on 
        October 1, 2026, every child who applies for assistance under 
        this section, who is in a State with an approved application 
        under subsection (f), or in a territory or Indian Tribe or 
        served by a tribal organization with an approved application 
        under subsection (g), and who is determined, by a lead agency 
        (or other entity designated by a lead agency) for the State, 
        territory, Indian Tribe, or tribal organization involved, 
        following standards and procedures established by the Secretary 
        by rule, to be an eligible child, shall be offered assistance 
        for and shall be entitled to receive direct child care services 
        in accordance with and subject to the requirements and 
        limitations of this section.
    (e) Lead Agency.--The Governor of a State or the head of a 
territory or Indian Tribe, desiring for the State, territory, or Indian 
tribe or a related tribal organization to receive a payment under this 
section, shall designate a lead agency (such as a State agency or joint 
interagency office) to administer the child care program carried out 
under this section.
    (f) Applications and State Plans.--
            (1) Application.--To be eligible to receive assistance 
        under this section, a State shall prepare and submit to the 
        Secretary for approval an application containing a State plan 
        that meets the requirements under paragraph (3) and contains 
        such information as the Secretary may require.
            (2) Period covered by plan.--A State plan contained in the 
        application shall be designed to be implemented during a period 
        of not more than 3 years.
            (3) Requirements for state plans.--The Secretary shall 
        award funds under this section to States with an approved 
        application that contains a State plan, submitted under 
        paragraph (1), at such time, in such manner, and containing 
        such information as the Secretary shall by rule require, 
        including, at a minimum, the following:
                    (A) Payment rates and cost estimation.--
                            (i) Payment rates.--The State plan shall 
                        certify that payment rates for the provision of 
                        direct child care services for which assistance 
                        is provided in accordance with this section for 
                        the period covered by the plan, within 3 years 
                        after the State first receives funds under this 
                        section--
                                    (I) will be sufficient to meet the 
                                cost of child care (including fixed 
                                costs such as rent or mortgage, and 
                                salaries), and set (with pay being 
                                paid) in accordance with a cost 
                                estimation model or cost study 
                                described in clause (ii) that is 
                                approved by the Secretary; and
                                    (II) will correspond to differences 
                                in quality (including improved quality) 
                                based on the State's tiered system for 
                                measuring and supporting the quality of 
                                eligible child care providers described 
                                in subparagraph (B).
                            (ii) Cost estimation.--Such State plan 
                        shall--
                                    (I) demonstrate that the State has, 
                                after consulting with relevant entities 
                                and stakeholders, developed and uses a 
                                statistically valid and reliable cost 
                                estimation model or cost study for the 
                                payment rates for direct child care 
                                services in the State that are 
                                sufficient to cover providers' fixed 
                                costs and reflect the cost of child 
                                care at each of the tiers of the 
                                State's tiered system for measuring and 
                                supporting the quality of eligible 
                                child care providers described in 
                                subparagraph (B), and variations in the 
                                cost of direct child care services by 
                                geographic area, provider type, and age 
                                of child, and the additional costs 
                                associated with providing inclusive 
                                care;
                                    (II) certify that the entities and 
                                stakeholders consulted included the 
                                State Advisory Council on Early 
                                Childhood Education and Care designated 
                                or established in section 
                                642B(b)(1)(A)(i) of the Head Start Act 
                                (42 U.S.C. 9837b(b)(1)(A)(i)) 
                                (including State Directors of Head 
                                Start Collaboration), administrators of 
                                local child care programs and Head 
                                Start agencies, organizations 
                                representing child care directors, 
                                teachers, and other staff, local child 
                                care resource and referral 
                                organizations, organizations 
                                representing parents of children with 
                                disabilities and parents of infants and 
                                toddlers with disabilities, the State 
                                interagency coordinating council 
                                established under section 641 of the 
                                Individuals with Disabilities Education 
                                Act (20 U.S.C. 1441), the State 
                                advisory panel established under 
                                section 612(a)(21) of the Individuals 
                                with Disabilities Education Act (20 
                                U.S.C. 1412(a)(21)), organizations and 
                                labor organizations representing child 
                                care providers, and other appropriate 
                                entities;
                                    (III) certify that the State--
                                            (aa) not later than 30 days 
                                        after finalizing the cost 
                                        estimation model or cost study, 
                                        published a detailed report 
                                        containing the child care costs 
                                        estimated with the cost 
                                        estimation model or cost study, 
                                        and including an explanation 
                                        detailing how the wage 
                                        requirements described in 
                                        subclause (IV)(cc) were applied 
                                        in the estimation of such 
                                        costs; and
                                            (bb) not later than 60 days 
                                        after publishing the report 
                                        described in item (aa), 
                                        established a system to receive 
                                        public comment on the report on 
                                        the subject of making changes 
                                        to the cost estimation model or 
                                        cost study, provided an 
                                        opportunity for the public to 
                                        comment on the report through 
                                        that system, and submitted the 
                                        report to the Secretary;
                                    (IV) certify that the State's 
                                payment rates for direct child care 
                                services for which assistance is 
                                provided in accordance with this 
                                section--
                                            (aa) are set (with pay 
                                        being paid) in accordance with 
                                        the most recent estimates from 
                                        the most recent cost estimation 
                                        model or cost study under 
                                        subclause (I), so that 
                                        providers at each tier of the 
                                        tiered system for measuring and 
                                        supporting the quality of 
                                        eligible child care providers 
                                        described in subparagraph (B) 
                                        receive a payment that is 
                                        sufficient to fully meet the 
                                        requirements of such tier;
                                            (bb) are set so as to 
                                        provide payments to providers 
                                        not at the top tier of the 
                                        tiered system that are 
                                        sufficient to enable the 
                                        providers to increase quality 
                                        to meet the requirements for 
                                        the next tier;
                                            (cc) ensure adequate wages 
                                        for staff of child care 
                                        providers providing such direct 
                                        child care services that--

                                                    (AA) at a minimum, 
                                                provide a living wage 
                                                for all staff of such 
                                                child care providers; 
                                                and

                                                    (BB) are equivalent 
                                                to wages for elementary 
                                                educators with similar 
                                                credentials and 
                                                experience in the 
                                                State; and

                                            (dd) are adjusted on an 
                                        annual basis for cost of living 
                                        increases to ensure those 
                                        payment rates remain sufficient 
                                        to meet the requirements of 
                                        this section;
                                    (V) certify that the State will 
                                update, not less often than once every 
                                3 years, the cost estimation model or 
                                cost study described in subclause (I); 
                                and
                                    (VI) certify that the State has 
                                established a system for appeals of the 
                                determination of child care costs 
                                estimated with the cost estimation 
                                model or cost study.
                            (iii) Payment practices.--Such State plan 
                        shall include an assurance that the State will 
                        implement payment practices that support the 
                        fixed costs of providing direct child care 
                        services.
                    (B) Tiered system for measuring and supporting the 
                quality of eligible child care providers.--Such State 
                plan shall certify that the State has implemented, or 
                assure that the State will implement within 3 years 
                after first receiving funds under this section, with 
                input (from early childhood education and development 
                experts, from a diverse group of child care providers 
                of a variety of provider types, from families, and from 
                organizations representing child care directors, 
                teachers, and other staff), a tiered system for 
                measuring and supporting the quality of eligible child 
                care providers who provide child care services for 
                which assistance is made available under this section. 
                Such tiered system shall--
                            (i) include a set of standards, for 
                        determining the tier of quality of a child care 
                        provider, that--
                                    (I) uses standards for a highest 
                                tier that at a minimum are equivalent 
                                to Head Start program performance 
                                standards described in section 
                                641A(a)(1)(B) of the Head Start Act (42 
                                U.S.C. 9836a(a)(1)(B)) or other 
                                equivalent evidence-based standards 
                                approved by the Secretary; and
                                    (II) includes quality indicators 
                                and thresholds that are appropriate for 
                                child development from child care 
                                providers of a variety of provider 
                                types, including child care centers and 
                                the settings of family child care 
                                providers, and are appropriate for 
                                providers serving different age groups 
                                (including mixed age groups) of 
                                children;
                            (ii) include a different set of standards 
                        that includes indicators, when appropriate, for 
                        care during nontraditional hours of operation; 
                        and
                            (iii) provide for sufficient resources and 
                        supports for child care providers at tiers 
                        lower than the highest tier to facilitate 
                        progression toward meeting higher quality 
                        standards.
                    (C) Achieving high quality for all children.--Such 
                State plan shall certify the State has implemented, or 
                will implement within 3 years after first receiving 
                funds under this section, policies and financing 
                practices that will ensure all eligible children can 
                choose to attend child care, with services provided by 
                eligible child care providers from any of a variety of 
                provider types including family child care providers, 
                at the highest quality tier within 6 years after the 
                date of enactment of this Act.
                    (D) Compensation.--Such plan shall provide a 
                certification that the State has or will have within 3 
                years after first receiving funds under this section, a 
                wage ladder for staff of eligible child care providers 
                receiving assistance under this section, including a 
                certification that wages for such staff, at a minimum, 
                will meet the requirements of subparagraph 
                (A)(ii)(IV)(cc).
                    (E) Sliding fee scale for copayments.--
                            (i) In general.--Except as provided in 
                        clause (ii)(I), the State plan shall provide an 
                        assurance that the State will for the period 
                        covered by the plan use a sliding fee scale 
                        described in clause (ii) to determine a 
                        copayment for a family receiving assistance 
                        under this section (or, for a family receiving 
                        part-time care, a reduced copayment that is the 
                        proportionate amount of the full copayment).
                            (ii) Sliding fee scale.--A full copayment 
                        described in clause (i) shall use a sliding fee 
                        scale that provides that, for a family with a 
                        family income--
                                    (I) of not more than 85 percent of 
                                State median income for a family of the 
                                same size, the family shall not pay a 
                                copayment, toward the cost of the child 
                                care involved for all eligible children 
                                in the family;
                                    (II) of more than 85 percent but 
                                not more than 100 percent of State 
                                median income for a family of the same 
                                size, the copayment shall be more than 
                                0 but not more than 2 percent of that 
                                family income, toward such cost for all 
                                such children;
                                    (III) of more than 100 percent but 
                                not more than 125 percent of State 
                                median income for a family of the same 
                                size, the copayment shall be more than 
                                2 but not more than 4 percent of that 
                                family income, toward such cost for all 
                                such children;
                                    (IV) of more than 125 percent but 
                                not more than 150 percent of State 
                                median income for a family of the same 
                                size, the copayment shall be more than 
                                4 but not more than 7 percent of that 
                                family income, toward such cost for all 
                                such children; and
                                    (V) of more than 150 percent but 
                                not more than 250 percent of the State 
                                median income for a family of the same 
                                size, the copayment shall be 7 percent 
                                of that family income, toward such cost 
                                for all such children.
                    (F) Prohibition on charging more than copayment.--
                The State plan shall certify that, after the State 
                develops and begins using the cost estimation model or 
                cost study described in subparagraph (A)(ii), the State 
                will not permit a child care provider receiving 
                financial assistance under this section to charge, for 
                direct child care services for an eligible child, more 
                than the total of--
                            (i) the financial assistance provided for 
                        the child under this section; and
                            (ii) any applicable copayment pursuant to 
                        subparagraph (E).
                    (G) Eligibility.--The State plan shall assure that 
                each child who receives assistance under this section 
                will be considered to meet all eligibility requirements 
                for such assistance, and will receive such assistance, 
                for not less than 12 months unless the child has aged 
                out of the program, and the child's eligibility 
                determination and redetermination, including any 
                determination based on the State's definition of 
                eligible activities, shall be implemented in a manner 
                that supports child well-being and reduces barriers to 
                enrollment, including continuity of services.
                    (H) Policies to support access to child care for 
                underserved populations.--The State plan shall 
                demonstrate that the State will prioritize increasing 
                access to, and the quality and the supply of, child 
                care in the State for underserved populations, 
                including at a minimum, low-income children, children 
                in underserved areas, infants and toddlers, children 
                with disabilities and infants and toddlers with 
                disabilities, children who are dual language learners, 
                children experiencing homelessness, children in foster 
                or kinship care, children who receive care during 
                nontraditional hours, and vulnerable children as 
                defined by the lead agency pursuant to subsection 
                (b)(4)(A)(iv)(II).
                    (I) Policies.--The State plan shall include a 
                certification that the State will apply, under this 
                section, the policies and procedures described in 
                subparagraphs (A), (B), (I), (J), (K)(i), (R), and (U) 
                of section 658E(c)(2) of the Child Care and Development 
                Block Grant Act of 1990 (42 U.S.C. 9858c(c)(2)), and 
                the policies and procedures described in section 658H 
                of such Act (42 U.S.C. 9858f), to child care services 
                provided under this section.
                    (J) Licensing.--The State plan shall demonstrate 
                that the State has consulted or will consult with 
                organizations (including labor organizations and child 
                care and early learning organizations) representing 
                eligible child care providers (including family child 
                care providers), child care associations, child care 
                directors, teachers, and other staff (including child 
                care directors, teachers, and other staff serving 
                higher proportions of underserved populations as 
                identified under subparagraph (H)), early childhood 
                education and development experts, maternal and child 
                health experts, and families to develop, within 2.5 
                years after first receiving funds under this section, 
                licensing standards appropriate for child care 
                providers and a pathway to such licensure that is 
                available to and appropriate for child care providers 
                in a variety of settings, that will offer providers 
                eligible under the Child Care and Development Block 
                Grant Act of 1990 (42 U.S.C. 9857 et seq.) a reasonable 
                pathway to become eligible providers under this 
                section, and that will assure an adequate supply of 
                child care. Such plan shall describe the timeline the 
                State will use to ensure sufficient time for providers 
                described in subsection (b)(5)(B) to comply with such 
                licensing standards in order to remain eligible 
                providers after 3.5 years after the State first 
                receives funding under this section.
                    (K) Financial support for providers.--Such plan 
                shall describe how the State will use funds reserved 
                under subsection (h)(1)(C) to enable eligible child 
                care providers from a variety of provider types to 
                achieve licensure, including paying for the costs of 
                required background checks, health screening, and 
                initial and ongoing training, and other costs 
                associated with achieving licensure.
                    (L) Prohibition on suspensions, expulsions, and 
                aversive behavioral interventions.--The State plan 
                shall provide an assurance that the State will--
                            (i) provide assistance to carry out this 
                        section only to eligible child care providers 
                        that prohibit--
                                    (I) the use of suspension and 
                                expulsion of children; and
                                    (II) the use of aversive behavioral 
                                interventions; and
                            (ii) provide training resources to eligible 
                        child care providers and information to 
                        families to support the prohibition of 
                        practices described in subclauses (I) and (II) 
                        of clause (i).
    (g) Payments.--
            (1) In general.--For each fiscal year:
                    (A) Child care assistance for eligible children.--
                            (i) In general.--The Secretary shall pay to 
                        each State with an approved application under 
                        subsection (f), and that State shall be 
                        entitled to, an amount for each quarter equal 
                        to 90 percent of expenditures (which shall be 
                        the Federal share of such expenditures) in the 
                        quarter for direct child care services 
                        described under subsection (h)(1)(B) for 
                        eligible children.
                            (ii) Exception.--Funds reserved from the 
                        total under subsection (h)(1)(C) shall be 
                        subject to subparagraph (B).
                            (iii) Prohibition.--Activities described in 
                        subparagraph (B) and subparagraph (C) may not 
                        be included in the cost of direct child care 
                        services described in this subparagraph.
                    (B) Activities to improve the quality and supply of 
                child care services.--The Secretary shall pay to each 
                State with such an approved application, and that State 
                shall be entitled to, an amount equal to the FMAP of 
                expenditures (which shall be the Federal share of such 
                expenditures) to carry out activities to improve the 
                quality and supply of child care services under 
                subsection (h)(1)(C) subject to the limit specified in 
                clause (i) of such subsection.
                    (C) Administration.--The Secretary shall pay to 
                each State with such an approved application, and that 
                State shall be entitled to, an amount equal to 50 
                percent of expenditures (which shall be the Federal 
                share of such expenditures) for the costs of 
                administration incurred by the State--
                            (i) which shall include costs incurred by 
                        the State in carrying out the child care 
                        program established in this section; and
                            (ii) which may include, at the option of 
                        the State, costs associated with carrying out 
                        requirements, policies, and procedures 
                        described in section 658H of the Child Care and 
                        Development Block Grant Act of 1990 (42 U.S.C. 
                        9858f).
            (2) Advance payment; retrospective adjustment.--For each 
        fiscal year, the Secretary shall make payments under this 
        subsection for a period on the basis of advance estimates of 
        expenditures submitted by the State and such other 
        investigation as the Secretary may find necessary, and shall 
        reduce or increase the payments as necessary to adjust for any 
        overpayment or underpayment for previous periods. No interest 
        shall be charged or paid on any amount due because of an 
        overpayment or underpayment for previous periods.
            (3) Territories and tribes.--
                    (A) In general.--For each fiscal year, from amounts 
                appropriated under subsection (c)(1), the Secretary 
                shall make payments to territories, and Indian Tribes 
                and tribal organizations, as the case may be, with 
                applications submitted as described in subparagraph 
                (B), and approved by the Secretary for the purpose of 
                carrying out the child care program described in this 
                section, consistent, to the extent practicable as 
                determined by the Secretary (subject to subsection 
                (d)(2)), with the requirements applicable to States.
                    (B) Applications.--
                            (i) Territories.--A territory seeking a 
                        payment under this paragraph shall submit an 
                        application to the Secretary at such time, in 
                        such manner, and containing such information as 
                        the Secretary may specify.
                            (ii) Indian tribes and tribal 
                        organizations.--An Indian Tribe or a tribal 
                        organization seeking a payment under this 
                        paragraph shall submit an application to the 
                        Secretary at such time, in such manner, and 
                        containing such information as the Secretary 
                        may specify.
                    (C) Costs.--The Secretary shall make the payments 
                to such territories, Indian Tribes, and tribal 
                organizations on the basis of their relative need. Each 
                entity that is such a territory, Indian Tribe, or 
                tribal organization shall be entitled to such a payment 
                as may be necessary to pay for 100 percent of the 
                expenses of carrying out the activities described in 
                subsection (h)(1), and to pay for 100 percent of the 
                costs of administration incurred by the entity, which 
                shall include costs incurred by the entity in carrying 
                out the child care program, and which may include, at 
                the option of the entity, costs associated with 
                carrying out requirements, policies, and procedures 
                described in section 658H of the Child Care and 
                Development Block Grant Act of 1990 (42 U.S.C. 9858f).
    (h) Use of Funds.--
            (1) Use of funds.--
                    (A) In general.--Starting on October 1, 2026, a 
                State shall use amounts provided to the State under 
                subsection (g)(1) for direct child care services 
                (provided on a sliding fee scale basis), activities to 
                improve the quality and supply of child care services 
                consistent with subparagraph (C), and State 
                administration consistent with subsection (g)(1)(C).
                    (B) Child care assistance for eligible children.--
                            (i) In general.--For fiscal year 2026 and 
                        each subsequent fiscal year, from payments made 
                        to the State under subsection (g)(1) for that 
                        particular fiscal year, the State shall ensure 
                        that parents of eligible children can access 
                        direct child care services provided by an 
                        eligible child care provider under this section 
                        through a grant or contract as described in 
                        clause (ii) or a certificate as described in 
                        clause (iii).
                            (ii) Grants and contracts.--The State shall 
                        award grants or contracts to eligible child 
                        care providers, consistent with the 
                        requirements under this section, for the 
                        provision of child care services for eligible 
                        children under this section that, at a 
                        minimum--
                                    (I) support providers' operating 
                                expenses to meet and sustain health, 
                                safety, quality, licensing, and wage 
                                standards required under this section; 
                                and
                                    (II) address underserved 
                                populations described in subsection 
                                (f)(3)(H).
                            (iii) Certificates.--The State shall issue 
                        a child care certificate directly to a parent 
                        who shall use such certificate only as payment 
                        for direct child care services or as a deposit 
                        for direct child care services if such a 
                        deposit is required of other children being 
                        cared for by the provider, consistent with the 
                        requirements under this section.
                    (C) Activities to improve the quality and supply of 
                child care services.--
                            (i) Quality child care activities.--
                                    (I) Amount.--For fiscal year 2026 
                                and each subsequent fiscal year, from 
                                the total of the payments made to the 
                                State for a particular fiscal year, the 
                                State shall reserve and use a quality 
                                child care amount equal to not less 
                                than 5 percent and not more than 10 
                                percent of the amount made available to 
                                the State through such payments for the 
                                previous fiscal year.
                                    (II) Use of quality child care 
                                amount.--Each State shall use the 
                                quality child care amount described in 
                                subclause (I) to implement activities 
                                described in this subparagraph to 
                                improve the quality and supply of child 
                                care services by eligible child care 
                                providers, and increase the number of 
                                available slots in the State for child 
                                care services funded under this 
                                section, prioritizing assistance for 
                                child care providers who are in 
                                underserved communities and who are 
                                providing, or are seeking to provide, 
                                child care services for underserved 
                                populations identified in subsection 
                                (f)(3)(H).
                                    (III) Administration.--Activities 
                                funded under this subparagraph may be 
                                administered--
                                            (aa) directly by the lead 
                                        agency; or
                                            (bb) through other State 
                                        government agencies, local or 
                                        regional child care resource 
                                        and referral organizations, 
                                        community development financial 
                                        institutions, other 
                                        intermediaries with experience 
                                        supporting child care 
                                        providers, or other appropriate 
                                        entities that enter into a 
                                        contract with the State to 
                                        provide such assistance.
                            (ii) Quality and supply activities.--
                        Activities funded under the quality child care 
                        amount described in clause (i) shall include 
                        each of the following:
                                    (I) Startup grants and supply 
                                expansion grants.--
                                            (aa) In general.--From a 
                                        portion of the quality child 
                                        care amount, a State shall make 
                                        startup and supply expansion 
                                        grants to support child care 
                                        providers who are providing, or 
                                        seeking to provide, child care 
                                        services to children receiving 
                                        assistance under this section, 
                                        with priority for providers 
                                        providing or seeking to provide 
                                        child care in underserved 
                                        communities and for underserved 
                                        populations identified in 
                                        subsection (f)(3)(H), to--

                                                    (AA) support 
                                                startup and expansion 
                                                costs; and

                                                    (BB) assist such 
                                                providers in meeting 
                                                health and safety 
                                                requirements, achieving 
                                                licensure, conducting 
                                                background checks, and 
                                                meeting requirements in 
                                                the State's tiered 
                                                system for measuring 
                                                and supporting the 
                                                quality of eligible 
                                                child care providers.

                                            (bb) Requirement.--As a 
                                        condition of receiving a 
                                        startup or supply expansion 
                                        grant under this subclause, a 
                                        child care provider shall 
                                        commit to meeting the 
                                        requirements of an eligible 
                                        provider under this section, 
                                        and providing child care 
                                        services to children receiving 
                                        assistance under this section 
                                        on an ongoing basis.
                                    (II) Quality grants.--From a 
                                portion of the quality child care 
                                amount, a State shall provide quality 
                                grants to support eligible child care 
                                providers in providing child care 
                                services to children receiving 
                                assistance under this section to 
                                improve the quality of such providers, 
                                including--
                                            (aa) supporting such 
                                        providers in meeting or making 
                                        progress toward the 
                                        requirements for the highest 
                                        tier of the State's tiered 
                                        system for measuring and 
                                        supporting the quality of 
                                        eligible child care providers 
                                        under subsection (f)(3)(B); and
                                            (bb) supporting such 
                                        providers in sustaining child 
                                        care quality, including 
                                        supporting increased wages for 
                                        staff and supporting payment of 
                                        fixed costs.
                                    (III) Facilities grants.--
                                            (aa) In general.--From a 
                                        portion of the quality child 
                                        care amount, a State shall 
                                        provide support, including 
                                        through awarding facilities 
                                        grants, for remodeling, 
                                        renovation, or repair of a 
                                        building or facility to the 
                                        extent permitted under section 
                                        658F(b) of the Child Care and 
                                        Development Block Grant Act of 
                                        1990 (42 U.S.C. 9858d(b)).
                                            (bb) Additional uses.--For 
                                        fiscal year 2026 and subsequent 
                                        fiscal years, a State may award 
                                        such facilities grants for 
                                        construction, permanent 
                                        improvement, or major 
                                        renovation of a building or 
                                        facility primarily used for 
                                        providing direct child care 
                                        services, in accordance with 
                                        the following:

                                                    (AA) Federal 
                                                interest provisions 
                                                will not apply to the 
                                                renovation or 
                                                rebuilding of privately 
                                                owned family child care 
                                                homes under this 
                                                subclause.

                                                    (BB) Eligible child 
                                                care providers may not 
                                                use funds for buildings 
                                                or facilities that are 
                                                used primarily for 
                                                sectarian instruction 
                                                or religious worship.

                                                    (CC) The Secretary 
                                                shall develop 
                                                parameters on the use 
                                                of funds under this 
                                                subclause for family 
                                                child care homes.

                                                    (DD) The Secretary 
                                                shall not retain 
                                                Federal interest after 
                                                a period of 10 years in 
                                                any facility built, 
                                                renovated, or repaired 
                                                with funds awarded 
                                                under this subclause.

                                    (IV) State activities to improve 
                                the quality of child care services.--A 
                                State shall use a portion of the 
                                quality child care amount to improve 
                                the quality of child care services 
                                available for this program, which shall 
                                include--
                                            (aa) supporting the 
                                        training and professional 
                                        development of the early 
                                        childhood workforce, including 
                                        supporting degree attainment, 
                                        continued education, and 
                                        credentialing for early 
                                        childhood educators;
                                            (bb) developing, 
                                        implementing, or enhancing the 
                                        State's tiered system for 
                                        measuring and supporting the 
                                        quality of eligible child care 
                                        providers under subsection 
                                        (f)(3)(B);
                                            (cc) improving the supply 
                                        and quality of developmentally 
                                        appropriate and inclusive child 
                                        care programs and services for 
                                        underserved populations 
                                        described in subsection 
                                        (f)(3)(H);
                                            (dd) improving access to 
                                        child care services for 
                                        vulnerable children as defined 
                                        by the lead agency pursuant to 
                                        subsection (b)(4)(A)(iv)(II);
                                            (ee) providing outreach and 
                                        enrollment support for families 
                                        of eligible children;
                                            (ff) supporting eligible 
                                        child care providers to 
                                        eliminate use of suspensions, 
                                        expulsions, and aversive 
                                        behavioral interventions, 
                                        including through adaptations 
                                        and interventions by special 
                                        educators, mental health 
                                        consultants, and other 
                                        community resource personnel, 
                                        such as behavior coaches, 
                                        psychologists, and other 
                                        appropriate specialists, and 
                                        through the provision of mental 
                                        health services for the 
                                        providers;
                                            (gg) improving coordination 
                                        between States and local 
                                        government with respect to 
                                        licensing and other regulatory 
                                        requirements for eligible child 
                                        care providers; and
                                            (hh) establishing or 
                                        supporting a system of local or 
                                        regional child care resource 
                                        and referral organizations that 
                                        is coordinated, to the extent 
                                        determined appropriate by the 
                                        State, by a statewide public or 
                                        private nonprofit, community-
                                        based or regionally based, lead 
                                        child care resource and 
                                        referral organization, as 
                                        described in section 
                                        658E(c)(3)(B)(iii) of the Child 
                                        Care and Development Block 
                                        Grant Act of 1990 (42 U.S.C. 
                                        9858c(c)(3)(B)(iii)).
                                    (V) Technical assistance.--From a 
                                portion of the quality child care 
                                amount, the State, in coordination with 
                                local governments and staffed family 
                                child care networks as appropriate, 
                                shall provide technical assistance to 
                                increase the supply and quality of 
                                eligible child care providers who are 
                                providing, or seeking to provide, child 
                                care services to children receiving 
                                assistance under this section, 
                                including providing support to enable 
                                providers to achieve licensure.
    (i) Grants to Localities and Awards to Head Start Programs.--
            (1) Eligible locality defined.--In this subsection, the 
        term ``eligible locality'' means a city, county, or other unit 
        of general local government.
            (2) Grants to localities.--
                    (A) In general.--After reserving a portion of the 
                funds appropriated under subsection (c)(2), the 
                Secretary shall use the portion to award local Birth 
                Through Five Child Care and Early Learning Grants, as 
                determined by the Secretary, to eligible localities 
                located in States that have not received payments under 
                subsection (g). The Secretary shall award the grants to 
                eligible localities in such a State from the allotment 
                made for that State under subparagraph (B).
                    (B) Allotments.--
                            (i) Poverty line defined.--In this 
                        subparagraph, the term ``poverty line'' means 
                        the poverty line defined and revised as 
                        described in section 673 of the Community 
                        Services Block Grant Act (42 U.S.C. 9902).
                            (ii) General authority.--For each State 
                        described in subparagraph (A), the Secretary 
                        shall allot for the State for a fiscal year an 
                        amount that bears the same relationship to the 
                        portion described in subparagraph (A) for the 
                        fiscal year as the number of children from 
                        families with family incomes that are at or 
                        below 200 percent of the poverty line, and who 
                        are under the age of 6, in the State bears to 
                        the total number of all such children in all 
                        States described in subparagraph (A).
                    (C) Application.--To receive a grant from the 
                corresponding State allotment under subparagraph (B), 
                an eligible locality shall submit an application to the 
                Secretary at such time, in such manner, and containing 
                such information as the Secretary may require. The 
                requirements for the application shall, to the greatest 
                extent practicable, be consistent with the State plan 
                requirements applicable to States under subsection (f).
                    (D) Requirements.--The Secretary shall specify the 
                requirements for an eligible locality to provide access 
                to child care, which child care requirements shall, to 
                the greatest extent practicable, be consistent with the 
                requirements applicable to States under this section.
                    (E) Recoupment of unused funds.--Notwithstanding 
                any other provision of this section, for each of fiscal 
                years 2026 through 2030, the Secretary shall have the 
                authority to recoup any unused funds allotted under 
                subparagraph (B) for awards under paragraph (3)(A) to 
                Head Start agencies in accordance with paragraph (3).
            (3) Head start expansion in nonparticipating states.--
                    (A) In general.--The Secretary shall use funds 
                appropriated under subsection (c)(2) and not reserved 
                under paragraph (2)(A) and funds recouped under 
                paragraph (2) to make awards to Head Start agencies in 
                a State described in paragraph (2)(A) to carry out the 
                purposes of the Head Start Act (42 U.S.C. 9831 et seq.) 
                in such State.
                    (B) Rule.--For purposes of carrying out the Head 
                Start Act in circumstances not involving awards under 
                this paragraph, funds awarded under subparagraph (A) 
                shall not be included in the calculation of a ``base 
                grant'' as such term is defined in section 640(a)(7)(A) 
                of the Head Start Act (42 U.S.C. 9835(a)(7)(A)).
                    (C) Definition.--In this paragraph, the term ``Head 
                Start agency'' means an entity designated or eligible 
                to be designated as a Head Start agency under section 
                641(a)(1) of the Head Start Act (42 U.S.C. 9836(a)(1)) 
                or as an Early Head Start agency (by receiving a grant) 
                under section 645A(a) of such Act (42 U.S.C. 
                9840a(a)(1)).
            (4) Priority for serving underserved populations.--In 
        making determinations to award a grant or make an award under 
        this subsection, the Secretary shall give priority to entities 
        serving a high percentage of individuals from underserved 
        populations described in subsection (f)(3)(H).
    (j) Program Requirements.--
            (1) Prohibition on additional eligibility requirements.--No 
        individual shall be determined, by the Secretary, a State, or 
        another recipient of funds under this section, to be ineligible 
        for child care services provided under this section, except on 
        the basis of eligibility requirements specified in or under 
        this section.
            (2) Maintenance of effort.--
                    (A) In general.--A State that receives payments 
                under this section for a fiscal year, in using the 
                funds made available through the payments, shall 
                maintain the expenditures of the State for child care 
                services at the average level of such expenditures by 
                the State for the 3 preceding fiscal years.
                    (B) Counting rule.--State expenditures counted for 
                purposes of meeting the requirement in subparagraph (A) 
                may also be counted for purposes of meeting the 
                requirement to provide a non-Federal share under 
                subparagraph (A), (B), or (C), as appropriate, of 
                subsection (g)(1).
            (3) Supplement not supplant.--Funds received under this 
        section shall be used to supplement and not supplant other 
        Federal, State, and local public funds expended to provide 
        child care services in the State on the date of enactment of 
        this Act, calculated as the average amount of such Federal, 
        State, and local public funds expended for fiscal year 2026 and 
        each subsequent fiscal year that ended before the date on which 
        the average is calculated.
            (4) Allowable sources of non-federal share.--For purposes 
        of providing the non-Federal share required under subsection 
        (g)(1), a State's non-Federal share--
                    (A) for direct child care services described in 
                subsection (g)(1)(A)--
                            (i) shall not include contributions being 
                        used as a non-Federal share or match for 
                        another Federal award; and
                            (ii) shall be provided from State or local 
                        sources, contributions from philanthropy or 
                        other private organizations, or a combination 
                        of such sources and contributions; and
                    (B) for activities to improve the quality and 
                supply of child care services described in subsection 
                (g)(1)(B), and administration described in subsection 
                (g)(1)(C)--
                            (i) shall not include contributions being 
                        used as a non-Federal share or match for 
                        another Federal award;
                            (ii) shall be provided from State or local 
                        sources, contributions from philanthropy or 
                        other private organizations, or a combination 
                        of such sources and contributions; and
                            (iii) may be in cash or in-kind, fairly 
                        evaluated, including facilities or property, 
                        equipment, or services.
            (5) Reports.--A State, Indian Tribe, tribal organization, 
        or territory receiving funds under this section shall provide 
        to the Secretary such periodic reports, providing a detailed 
        accounting of the uses of the funds received under this 
        section, as the Secretary may require for the administration of 
        this section. The State, Indian Tribe, tribal organization, or 
        territory shall begin to provide the reports beginning not 
        later than 60 days after its initial receipt of a payment under 
        subsection (g).
    (k) Monitoring and Enforcement.--
            (1) Review of compliance with requirements and state 
        plan.--The Secretary shall review and monitor compliance of 
        States, territories, tribal entities, and local entities with 
        this section and State compliance with the State plan described 
        in subsection (f)(3).
            (2) Issuance of rule.--The Secretary shall establish by 
        rule procedures for--
                    (A) receiving, processing, and determining the 
                validity of complaints or findings concerning any 
                failure of a State to comply with the State plan or any 
                other requirement of this section;
                    (B) notifying a State when the Secretary has 
                determined there has been a failure by the State to 
                comply with a requirement of this section; and
                    (C) imposing sanctions under this subsection for 
                such a failure.
    (l) Federal Administration.--Using funds reserved under subsection 
(c)(3), the Secretary shall carry out administration of this section, 
shall provide (including through the use of grants or cooperative 
agreements) technical assistance to States, territories, Indian Tribes, 
and tribal organizations, and shall carry out research, and evaluations 
related to this section.
    (m) Nonpostsecondary Education Program.--For purposes of section 
401 of the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation 
Act of 1996 (8 U.S.C. 1611), the program carried out under this section 
shall be considered to be a program of nonpostsecondary education.

   TITLE VII--ESTABLISHING A $60,000 A YEAR MINIMUM SALARY FOR EVERY 
               PUBLIC SCHOOL TEACHER IN THE UNITED STATES

SEC. 701. PURPOSES.

    The purposes of this title are to--
            (1) ensure public elementary and secondary school teachers 
        earn a livable and competitive salary that--
                    (A) includes a starting annual base salary of not 
                less than $60,000; and
                    (B) increases regularly throughout a teacher's 
                career;
            (2) increase Federal investments in public schools; and
            (3) call upon States and local governments to increase 
        investments in public education in order to ensure that every 
        public school student is taught by a qualified teacher.

SEC. 702. DEFINITIONS.

    (a) Definitions.--In this title:
            (1) ESEA terms.--The terms ``elementary school'', 
        ``outlying area'', and ``secondary school'' have the meanings 
        given those terms in section 8101 of the Elementary and 
        Secondary Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 7801).
            (2) Annual adjustment percentage.--The term ``annual 
        adjustment percentage'', with respect to a fiscal year, means a 
        percentage equal to the estimated percentage change in the 
        Consumer Price Index, as determined by the Secretary, for the 
        most recent calendar year ending prior to the beginning of such 
        fiscal year.
            (3) Annual base salary.--The term ``annual base salary''--
                    (A) means the base salary, calculated as an annual 
                rate of pay, of a full-time teacher; and
                    (B) excludes--
                            (i) any additional compensation earned by 
                        the teacher for taking on additional 
                        responsibilities (such as coaching or teaching 
                        during the summer or after school); and
                            (ii) bonuses, stipends, and awards.
            (4) Average teacher salary baselines.--The term ``average 
        teacher salary baselines'' means, for each of the following 
        years of service as teachers, the average annual base salaries 
        of all full-time teachers employed by local educational 
        agencies in the State:
                    (A) 0 years, or starting teacher salaries.
                    (B) 3 years.
                    (C) 5 years.
                    (D) 10 years.
                    (E) 15 years.
                    (F) 20 years.
                    (G) 25 years.
            (5) Consumer price index.--The term ``Consumer Price 
        Index'' has the meaning given the term in section 478(f) of the 
        Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1087rr(f)).
            (6) Minimum salary for teachers.--The term ``minimum salary 
        for teachers'' means an amount, determined by the State, that 
        all full-time teachers employed by a local educational agency 
        are, at a minimum, required by the State to be compensated by 
        such agency as their annual base salary, and which--
                    (A) for teachers in their first year of teaching, 
                shall be an annual rate of pay that is not less than 
                the amount described in subsection (b); and
                    (B) for teachers with more than 2 years of 
                experience, shall be an annual rate of pay that--
                            (i) is greater than the amount described in 
                        subsection (b); and
                            (ii) increases as the experience of a 
                        teacher increases.
            (7) Secretary.--The term ``Secretary'' means the Secretary 
        of Education.
            (8) Teacher.--The term ``teacher'' means--
                    (A) an employee of a local educational agency--
                            (i) with a primary duty of teaching and who 
                        is employed and engaged in teaching in a public 
                        elementary school or secondary school served by 
                        such agency and is not a substitute teacher;
                            (ii) who fully meets all applicable public 
                        elementary school or secondary school teacher 
                        certification and licensure requirements of the 
                        State in which the school is located; and
                            (iii) if the teacher is a special education 
                        teacher, who meets the qualifications described 
                        in section 612(a)(14)(C) of the Individuals 
                        with Disabilities Education Act; and
                    (B) other full-time public elementary school or 
                secondary school personnel employed by a local 
                educational agency whose annual base salary is 
                determined in accordance with such agency's salary 
                schedule or system for a full-time teacher.
    (b) Special Rules.--
            (1) In general.--For each fiscal year, the amount described 
        in subsection (a)(6)(A) shall be determined under this 
        subsection.
            (2) Fiscal years 2027 through 2031.--For each of fiscal 
        years 2027 through 2031, the amount described in subsection 
        (a)(6)(A) is $60,000.
            (3) Fiscal years 2032 and after.--
                    (A) In general.--For the fiscal year period 2032 
                through 2036 and for each subsequent 5 fiscal year 
                period, the amount described in subsection (a)(6)(A) 
                shall be adjusted for inflation as described in 
                subparagraph (B).
                    (B) Determination.--The amount shall be equal to 
                the amount applicable for the previous 5 fiscal year 
                period, increased by the greater of--
                            (i) the aggregate annual adjustment 
                        percentage over the previous 5 fiscal years; or
                            (ii) 2 percent of the amount applicable 
                        under this subsection for the previous 5 fiscal 
                        year period.

SEC. 703. ENSURING TEACHERS ARE PAID A LIVABLE AND COMPETITIVE WAGE.

    (a) Authorization and Appropriations for States.--
            (1) In general.--There are authorized to be appropriated to 
        carry out this section such sums as may be necessary for fiscal 
        year 2027 and each succeeding fiscal year.
            (2) Appropriations for states.--In addition to amounts 
        otherwise available to carry out this section, there are 
        appropriated, out of any money in the Treasury not otherwise 
        appropriated, to the Secretary to carry out this section--
                    (A) for fiscal year 2027, $14,500,000,000; and
                    (B) for each succeeding fiscal year, the amount 
                appropriated under this section for the preceding 
                fiscal year, increased by the annual adjustment 
                percentage.
    (b) Program Authorized.--
            (1) In general.--From amounts made available to carry out 
        this section, and after making the reservations described in 
        paragraph (2), the Secretary shall award grants, through 
        allotments described in paragraph (3), to States to enable 
        States to guarantee that all teachers employed by local 
        educational agencies in the State are compensated with a 
        livable and competitive salary, which shall be an amount that--
                    (A) is at least the minimum salary for teachers;
                    (B) increases throughout each teacher's career; and
                    (C) is, to the greatest extent practicable, 
                commensurate with annual salaries for college-educated 
                and similarly experienced professionals in the region 
                in which such agencies are located, as determined in 
                accordance with procedures and requirements established 
                by the Secretary.
            (2) Reservations.--
                    (A) In general.--From the amount appropriated under 
                subsection (a) for a fiscal year, the Secretary shall 
                reserve--
                            (i) one-half of 1 percent for allotments 
                        for payments to the outlying areas, to be 
                        distributed among those outlying areas on the 
                        basis of their relative need, as determined by 
                        the Secretary, to ensure that teachers are paid 
                        a livable and competitive salary, in accordance 
                        with the purposes of this title;
                            (ii) one-half of 1 percent for the 
                        Secretary of the Interior to be allocated by 
                        the Director of the Bureau of Indian Education 
                        for programs or activities operated or funded 
                        by the Bureau for Bureau-funded schools (as 
                        defined in section 1141 of the Education 
                        Amendments of 1978 (25 U.S.C. 2021)) to ensure 
                        teachers are paid a livable and competitive 
                        salary, in accordance with the purposes of this 
                        title; and
                            (iii) 1 percent for program administration, 
                        technical assistance, and data collection for 
                        the program under this section.
                    (B) Special rule.--Notwithstanding any other 
                provision of this title, the requirements of this 
                section and section 702 shall not apply to recipients 
                described in clause (i) and (ii) of subparagraph (A), 
                except that such recipients shall use funds described 
                in this paragraph to ensure that teachers are paid a 
                livable and competitive salary.
            (3) Allotments.--
                    (A) In general.--After making the reservations 
                under paragraph (2), the Secretary shall allot 50 
                percent of the remaining amount appropriated under 
                subsection (a) in accordance with subparagraph (B) and 
                allot the other 50 percent of such remaining amount in 
                accordance with subparagraph (C).
                    (B) Targeted formula.--From an amount equal to 50 
                percent of the amounts appropriated under subsection 
                (a) and remaining after the reservations of funds under 
                paragraph (2) (referred to in this section as the 
                ``targeted formula amounts''), the Secretary shall 
                allot to each State having a plan approved by the 
                Secretary under subsection (d) an amount that bears the 
                same relationship to such targeted formula amounts as 
                the total amount that local educational agencies in the 
                State received under section 1125 of the Elementary and 
                Secondary Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 6335) for 
                the preceding fiscal year bears to the amount all local 
                educational agencies in all States received under such 
                section for the preceding fiscal year.
                    (C) EFIG formula.--From an amount equal to 50 
                percent of the amounts appropriated under subsection 
                (a) and remaining after the reservations of funds under 
                paragraph (2) (referred to in this section as the 
                ``EFIG formula amounts''), the Secretary shall allot to 
                each State having a plan approved by the Secretary 
                under subsection (d) an amount that bears the same 
                relationship to such EFIG formula amounts as the amount 
                the State received under section 1125A of the 
                Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (20 
                U.S.C. 20 U.S.C. 6337) for the preceding fiscal year 
                bears to the amount all States received under such 
                section for the preceding fiscal year.
                    (D) Final allotments.--For the purposes of this 
                section, a State's allotment shall be the sum of a 
                State's allotments calculated under subparagraph (B) 
                and subparagraph (C).
    (c) Improving Teacher Salaries.--
            (1) In general.--Subject to paragraph (3), a State that 
        receives an allotment under this section shall ensure that the 
        annual base salary of a full-time teacher employed by a local 
        educational agency in the State is an amount that--
                    (A) is at least the minimum salary for teachers;
                    (B) increases throughout each teacher's career; and
                    (C) is, to the greatest extent practicable, 
                commensurate with annual salaries for college-educated 
                and similarly experienced professionals in the region 
                in which such agencies are located, as determined in 
                accordance with procedures and requirements established 
                by the Secretary.
            (2) Compliance.--To comply with paragraph (1), a State 
        shall adopt one or more of the following laws or policies to 
        ensure that every full-time teacher employed by a local 
        educational agency in the State receives an annual base salary 
        that is not less than the minimum salary for teachers:
                    (A) A statewide salary schedule that ensures that 
                the salary of every full-time teacher employed by a 
                local educational agency in the State is--
                            (i) an amount not less than the minimum 
                        salary for teachers established by the State 
                        under subsection (d)(1)(A); and
                            (ii) increases as the experience of a 
                        teacher increases.
                    (B) A statewide minimum annual base salary for 
                teachers who are in their first year of teaching that 
                not less than the minimum salary for teachers 
                established by the State under subsection (d)(1)(A).
                    (C) A State law to increase salaries for teachers.
            (3) Timing.--The Secretary shall ensure that, not later 
        than 3 years after a State receives an allotment under this 
        section, each such State meets the teacher salary requirements 
        described in paragraph (1).
    (d) State Plan.--
            (1) In general.--In order to receive an allotment under 
        subsection (b)(3), a State shall submit a State plan to the 
        Secretary at such time, in such manner, and containing such 
        information as the Secretary may reasonably require. Such State 
        plan shall include, at a minimum each of the following:
                    (A) A description of the State's minimum salary for 
                teachers, including the State's plan to ensure that the 
                State will meet the requirements of subsection (c)(1) 
                not later than 3 years after the State receives an 
                allotment under this section.
                    (B) A description of the State's plan to increase 
                the State's per-pupil expenditures or the aggregate 
                expenditures of the State with respect to the provision 
                of free public education in the State, in a manner 
                that--
                            (i) supports local educational agencies in 
                        increasing salaries or wages for teachers, 
                        paraprofessionals, specialized instructional 
                        support personnel, classified school employees, 
                        principals, other school leaders, school 
                        librarians, school bus drivers, and other staff 
                        across their careers, including through 
                        providing increased resources to local 
                        educational agencies; and
                            (ii) does not--
                                    (I) increase average class sizes or 
                                student to full-time equivalent teacher 
                                ratios at the State, local educational 
                                agency, or school level;
                                    (II) reduce planning time; or
                                    (III) require teachers to teach 
                                additional classes.
                    (C) An identification, with respect to the average 
                teacher salary baselines in the most recent fiscal 
                year, of the statewide average and the average in each 
                local educational agency in the State.
                    (D) An identification of the number and percentage 
                of teachers employed by local educational agencies in 
                the State who earn a salary of less than $60,000 
                annually, disaggregated by each period of service 
                specified in the average teacher salary baselines, 
                across the State and in each such local educational 
                agency.
                    (E) A description of the State's plan to comply 
                with the equitable distribution of teachers requirement 
                under section 1111(g)(1)(B) of the Elementary and 
                Secondary Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 
                6311(g)(1)(B)).
            (2) Public comment.--Each State shall make the State plan 
        publicly available for public comment for a period of not less 
        than 30 days, by electronic means and in an easily accessible 
        format, prior to submission to the Secretary for approval under 
        this subsection. Upon submission, the State plan shall include 
        a summary of the comments submitted to the Secretary, with a 
        description of how the State addressed the comments, and make 
        such summary with description publicly available on the website 
        of the State educational agency.
    (e) State Use of Funds.--Each State that receives an allotment 
under subsection (b) shall--
            (1) reserve not more than 1 percent of the amounts allotted 
        to the State under subsection (b)(3)(D) to provide technical 
        assistance and conduct monitoring to ensure that all local 
        educational agencies meet the requirements described in 
        subsection (c);
            (2) reserve not more than 4 percent of the amounts allotted 
        to the State under subsection (b)(3)(D) to conduct statewide 
        efforts to--
                    (A) increase teacher compensation across the State 
                in accordance with in subsection (c);
                    (B) identify and reform policies and practices at 
                the State, local educational agency, and school-level 
                to promote excellent teaching for all students, 
                particularly subgroups of students; and
                    (C) address structural and organizational 
                challenges in the teaching profession, in order to--
                            (i) raise the standards, status, and 
                        salaries of the teaching profession; and
                            (ii) attract and retain promising and 
                        talented young people to teaching; and
            (3) from the amounts allotted to the State under subsection 
        (b)(3)(D) that are remaining after reserving amounts under 
        paragraphs (1) and (2), allocate--
                    (A) 50 percent of such remaining amounts to local 
                educational agencies in the State in accordance with 
                the targeted formula described in section 1125(b) of 
                the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (20 
                U.S.C. 6335(b)); and
                    (B) 50 percent of such remaining amounts to local 
                educational agencies in the State in accordance with 
                the formula described in section 1125A(d) of the 
                Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (20 
                U.S.C. 6337(d)).
    (f) Reporting Requirements.--Not later than 1 year after receiving 
an allotment under this section and annually thereafter, a State that 
receives an allotment under this section shall submit a report to the 
Secretary and publish such report in a clear and easily accessible 
format on the website of the State. Such report shall contain any 
information required by the Secretary and include, at a minimum--
            (1) data on the average teacher salary baselines for the 
        previous fiscal year, disaggregated by the statewide average 
        and the average in each local educational agency in the State;
            (2) updated data on the number of teachers employed by 
        local educational agencies in the State who earn less than the 
        minimum salary for teachers, disaggregated by each period of 
        service described in section 702(a)(4), across the State and 
        employed by each local educational agency;
            (3) a description of the actions the State educational 
        agency will take in the next fiscal year to support local 
        educational agencies described in paragraph (2) in decreasing 
        the number of teachers employed by such agencies who earn less 
        than the minimum salary for teachers;
            (4) a description of actions taken by the State to increase 
        the State's per-pupil expenditures or the aggregate 
        expenditures of the State with respect to the provision of free 
        public education in the State, in a manner that--
                    (A) supports local educational agencies in 
                increasing salaries or wages for teachers, 
                paraprofessionals, specialized instructional support 
                personnel, classified school employees, principals, 
                other school leaders, school librarians, school bus 
                drivers, and other staff across their careers, 
                including through providing increased resources to 
                local educational agencies; and
                    (B) does not--
                            (i) increase average class sizes or student 
                        to full-time equivalent teacher ratios at the 
                        State, local educational agency, or school 
                        level;
                            (ii) reduce planning time; or
                            (iii) require teachers to teach additional 
                        classes; and
            (5) a description of how the State improved the equitable 
        distribution of teachers in such fiscal year, as required under 
        section 1111(g)(1)(B) of the Elementary and Secondary Education 
        Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 6311(g)(1)(B)).

SEC. 704. COLLECTIVE BARGAINING AND RELATED RULES.

    (a) Rule of Construction for Collective Bargaining.--
            (1) In general.--Subject to paragraph (2), nothing in 
        section 703 shall be construed to alter or otherwise affect the 
        rights, remedies, and procedures afforded to school or local 
        educational agency employees under Federal, State, or local 
        laws (including applicable regulations or court orders) or 
        under the terms of collective bargaining agreements, memoranda 
        of understanding, or other agreements between such employers 
        and their employees.
            (2) Compliance.--Paragraph (1) shall not be construed to 
        exempt a State, local educational agency, or school from 
        complying with section 703 or from negotiating in compliance 
        with State labor laws to comply with section 703.
    (b) Rule of Construction for Additional Pay or Other Salary 
Augmenting Systems.--Nothing in section 703 shall be construed to 
prevent States or local educational agencies from supplementing the 
annual base salary of teachers or other staff employed by such 
agencies--
            (1) for additional skills, knowledge, duties, and 
        responsibilities;
            (2) by salary systems that increase teachers' compensation 
        through supplemental pay that is not part of an annual base 
        salary; or
            (3) through the provision of bonuses, stipends, or awards.

 TITLE VIII--INVESTMENTS IN HOME AND COMMUNITY-BASED SERVICES AND LONG-
                    TERM CARE QUALITY AND WORKFORCE

SEC. 801. HCBS IMPROVEMENT PLANNING GRANTS.

    (a) Funding.--
            (1) In general.--In addition to amounts otherwise 
        available, there is appropriated to the Secretary for fiscal 
        year 2027, out of any money in the Treasury not otherwise 
        appropriated, $130,000,000, to remain available until expended, 
        for carrying out this section.
            (2) Technical assistance and guidance.--In addition to 
        amounts otherwise available, there is appropriated to the 
        Secretary for fiscal year 2027, out of any money in the 
        Treasury not otherwise appropriated, $5,000,000, to remain 
        available until expended, for purposes of issuing guidance and 
        providing technical assistance to States intending to apply 
        for, or which are awarded, a planning grant under this section, 
        and for other administrative expenses related to awarding 
        planning grants under this section.
    (b) Award and Use of Grants.--
            (1) Deadline for award of grants.--From the amount 
        appropriated under subsection (a)(1), the Secretary, not later 
        than 12 months after the date of enactment of this Act, shall 
        solicit State requests for HCBS improvement planning grants and 
        award such grants to all States that meet such requirements as 
        determined by the Secretary.
            (2) Use of funds.--Subject to paragraph (3), a State 
        awarded a planning grant under this section shall use the grant 
        to carry out planning activities for purposes of developing and 
        submitting to the Secretary an HCBS improvement plan for the 
        State that meets the requirements of subsection (c). A State 
        may use planning grant funds to support activities related to 
        the implementation of the HCBS improvement plan for the State.
            (3) Limitation on use of funds.--None of the funds awarded 
        to a State under this section may be used by a State as the 
        source of the non-Federal share of expenditures under the State 
        Medicaid program.
    (c) HCBS Improvement Plan Requirements.--
            (1) Content.--The Secretary shall define the content 
        requirements for an HCBS improvement plan, which, at minimum, 
        shall include an assessment of access barriers to home and 
        community-based services and the availability (as defined by 
        the Secretary) of such services in the State, a description of 
        Medicaid payment rates for such services, a description of the 
        current workforce of direct care workers, the percentage of 
        expenditures made by the State for long-term services and 
        supports that are for home and community-based services, and a 
        description of how the State will meet the requirements of the 
        HCBS Improvement Program.
            (2) Submission; approval; amendments.--Not later than 24 
        months after the date on which a State is awarded a planning 
        grant under this section, the State shall submit an HCBS 
        improvement plan for approval by the Secretary, along with 
        assurances by the State that the State will implement the plan 
        in accordance with the requirements of the HCBS Improvement 
        Program. The Secretary shall approve the HCBS improvement plan 
        for a State after the plan and such assurances are submitted to 
        the Secretary for approval and the Secretary determines the 
        plan meets the requirements of this subsection. A State may 
        amend its HCBS improvement plan, subject to the approval of the 
        Secretary that the plan as so amended meets the requirements of 
        this subsection.
    (d) Definitions.--In this part:
            (1) Direct care worker.--The term ``direct care worker'' 
        means, with respect to a State, any of the following 
        individuals who are paid to provide directly to Medicaid 
        eligible individuals home and community-based services 
        available under the State Medicaid program:
                    (A) A registered nurse, licensed practical nurse, 
                nurse practitioner, or clinical nurse specialist, or a 
                licensed nursing assistant who provides such services 
                under the supervision of a registered nurse, licensed 
                practical nurse, nurse practitioner, or clinical nurse 
                specialist.
                    (B) A direct support professional.
                    (C) A personal care attendant.
                    (D) A home health aide.
                    (E) Any other paid health care professional or 
                worker determined to be appropriate by the State and 
                approved by the Secretary.
            (2) HCBS improvement program.--The term ``HCBS Improvement 
        Program'' means the program established under subsection (ll) 
        of section 1905 of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1396d) 
        (as added by section 802).
            (3) HCBS improvement program state.--The term ``HCBS 
        Improvement Program State'' means a State that is awarded a 
        planning grant under subsection (b) and has an HCBS improvement 
        plan approved by the Secretary under subsection (c)(2).
            (4) Home and community-based services.--The term ``home and 
        community-based services'' means any of the following (whether 
        provided on a fee-for-service, risk, or other basis):
                    (A) Home health care services authorized under 
                paragraph (7) of section 1905(a) of the Social Security 
                Act (42 U.S.C. 1396d(a)).
                    (B) Private duty nursing services authorized under 
                paragraph (8) of such section, when such services are 
                provided in a Medicaid eligible individual's home.
                    (C) Personal care services authorized under 
                paragraph (24) of such section.
                    (D) PACE services authorized under paragraph (26) 
                of such section.
                    (E) Home and community-based services authorized 
                under subsections (b), (c), (i), (j), and (k) of 
                section 1915 of such Act (42 U.S.C. 1396n), authorized 
                under a waiver under section 1115 of such Act (42 
                U.S.C. 1315), or provided through coverage authorized 
                under section 1937 of such Act (42 U.S.C. 1396u-7).
                    (F) Case management services authorized under 
                section 1905(a)(19) of the Social Security Act (42 
                U.S.C. 1396d(a)(19)) and section 1915(g) of such Act 
                (42 U.S.C. 1396n(g)).
                    (G) Rehabilitative services, including those 
                related to behavioral health, described in section 
                1905(a)(13) of such Act (42 U.S.C. 1396d(a)(13)).
                    (H) Such other services specified by the Secretary.
            (5) Medicaid eligible individual.--The term ``Medicaid 
        eligible individual'' means an individual who is eligible for 
        and receiving medical assistance under a State Medicaid 
        program. Such term includes an individual who is on a waiting 
        list and who would become eligible for medical assistance and 
        enrolled under a State Medicaid program upon receipt of home 
        and community-based services.
            (6) State medicaid program.--The term ``State Medicaid 
        program'' means, with respect to a State, the State program 
        under title XIX of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1396 
        through 1396w-6) (including any waiver or demonstration under 
        such title or under section 1115 of such Act (42 U.S.C. 1315) 
        relating to such title).
            (7) Secretary.--The term ``Secretary'' means the Secretary 
        of Health and Human Services.
            (8) State.--The term ``State'' means each of the 50 States, 
        the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, 
        Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands, and American Samoa.

SEC. 802. HCBS IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM.

    (a) Increased FMAP for HCBS Improvement Program States.--Section 
1905 of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 1396d) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (b), by striking ``and (ii)'' and 
        inserting ``(ii), and (ll)''; and
            (2) by adding at the end the following new subsection:
    ``(ll) Additional Support for HCBS Improvement Program States.--
            ``(1) In general.--
                    ``(A) Additional support.--Subject to paragraph 
                (5), in the case of a State that is an HCBS Improvement 
                Program State, for each fiscal quarter that begins on 
                or after the first date on which the State is an HCBS 
                Improvement Program State--
                            ``(i) and for which the State meets the 
                        requirements described in paragraphs (2) and 
                        (4), notwithstanding subsection (b) or (ff), 
                        subject to subparagraph (B), with respect to 
                        amounts expended during the quarter by such 
                        State for medical assistance for home and 
                        community-based services, the Federal medical 
                        assistance percentage for such State and 
                        quarter (as determined for the State under 
                        subsection (b) or (ff) and, if applicable, 
                        increased under subsection (y), (z), (aa), or 
                        (ii), or section 1915(k)(2)) shall be increased 
                        by 8 percentage points; and
                            ``(ii) with respect to the State meeting 
                        the requirements described in paragraphs (2) 
                        and (4) and with respect to amounts expended 
                        during the quarter and before October 1, 2036, 
                        administrative costs for expanding and 
                        enhancing home and community-based services, 
                        including for enhancing Medicaid data and 
                        technology infrastructure, modifying rate 
                        setting processes, adopting or improving 
                        training programs for direct care workers and 
                        family caregivers, home and community-based 
                        services ombudsman office activities, 
                        developing processes to identify direct care 
                        workers and assign such workers unique 
                        identifiers, and adopting, carrying out, or 
                        enhancing programs that register direct care 
                        workers or connect beneficiaries to direct care 
                        workers, shall be eligible for Federal 
                        financial participation in the same manner as 
                        other administrative expenditures under section 
                        1903(a), except that, for purposes of this 
                        clause, the per centum applicable to such 
                        expenditures shall be the greater of 80 percent 
                        or the per centum that would otherwise apply.
                In no case may the application of clause (i) result in 
                the Federal medical assistance percentage determined 
                for a State being more than 95 percent with respect to 
                such expenditures. Any increase pursuant to clause (ii) 
                shall be available to a State before the State meets 
                the requirements of paragraphs (2) and (4).
                    ``(B) Additional hcbs improvement efforts.--Subject 
                to paragraph (5), in addition to the increase to the 
                Federal medical assistance percentage under 
                subparagraph (A)(i) for amounts expended during a 
                quarter for medical assistance for home and community-
                based services by an HCBS Improvement Program State 
                that meets the requirements of paragraphs (2) and (4) 
                for the quarter, the Federal medical assistance 
                percentage for amounts expended by the State during the 
                quarter for medical assistance for home and community-
                based services shall be further increased by 2 
                percentage points (but not to exceed 95 percent) during 
                the first 6 fiscal quarters throughout which the State 
                has implemented and has in effect a program that meets 
                the requirements of paragraph (3).
                    ``(C) Nonapplication to chip efmap.--Any increase 
                to the Federal medical assistance percentage of a State 
                under subparagraph (A)(i) or (B) or an increase to an 
                applicable Federal matching percentage under 
                subparagraph (A)(ii) shall not be taken into account in 
                calculating the enhanced FMAP of a State under section 
                2105.
            ``(2) Requirements.--As conditions for receipt of the 
        increase under paragraph (1)(A)(i) to the Federal medical 
        assistance percentage determined for a State, with respect to a 
        fiscal year quarter, the State shall meet each of the following 
        requirements:
                    ``(A) Nonsupplantation.--The State uses an amount 
                in State funds equivalent to the additional Federal 
                funds received by the State that are attributable to 
                the increase to the Federal medical assistance 
                percentage for amounts expended during a quarter for 
                medical assistance for home and community-based 
                services under paragraph (1)(A) and paragraph (1)(B) 
                (if applicable) to supplement, and not supplant, the 
                level of State funds expended for home and community-
                based services for eligible individuals through 
                programs in effect as of the date the State is awarded 
                a planning grant under section 801 of the Make 
                Billionaires Pay Their Fair Share Act. In applying this 
                subparagraph, the Secretary shall provide that a State 
                shall have a 3-year period, as specified by the 
                Secretary, to spend any accumulated unspent State funds 
                attributable to such increase to the Federal medical 
                assistance percentage.
                    ``(B) Maintenance of effort.--
                            ``(i) In general.--The State does not--
                                    ``(I) reduce the amount, duration, 
                                or scope of home and community-based 
                                services available under the State plan 
                                (or waiver of such plan) relative to 
                                the home and community-based services 
                                available under the plan or a waiver of 
                                such plan as of the date on which the 
                                State was awarded a planning grant 
                                under section 801 of the Make 
                                Billionaires Pay Their Fair Share Act;
                                    ``(II) reduce payment rates for 
                                home and community-based services lower 
                                than such rates that were in place as 
                                of the date described in subclause (I), 
                                including, to the extent applicable, 
                                assumed payment rates for such services 
                                that are included in managed care 
                                capitation rates as such rates are 
                                being prospectively built; or
                                    ``(III) except to the extent 
                                permitted under clause (ii), adopt more 
                                restrictive standards, methodologies, 
                                or procedures for determining 
                                eligibility for, or the scope of, 
                                medical assistance for home and 
                                community-based services, including 
                                with respect to cost-sharing, than the 
                                standards, methodologies, or procedures 
                                applicable as of the date described in 
                                subclause (I).
                            ``(ii) Conditions for flexibility.--A State 
                        may make modifications that would otherwise 
                        violate the maintenance of effort described in 
                        clause (i) if the State demonstrates to the 
                        satisfaction of the Secretary that such 
                        modifications shall not result in--
                                    ``(I) home and community-based 
                                services that are less comprehensive or 
                                lower in amount, duration, or scope;
                                    ``(II) fewer individuals (overall 
                                and within particular eligibility 
                                groups) receiving home and community-
                                based services, adjusted for 
                                demographic changes since the date 
                                described in clause (i)(I); or
                                    ``(III) increased cost-sharing 
                                (other than resulting from the rate of 
                                inflation) for home and community-based 
                                services.
                    ``(C) Access to services.--The State undertakes 
                efforts to improve access to home and community-based 
                services by doing all of the following not later than 
                an implementation date specified by the Secretary 
                (which may vary for each of the following clauses) 
                after the first day of the first fiscal quarter for 
                which a State receives an increase to the Federal 
                medical assistance percentage or other applicable 
                Federal matching percentage under paragraph (1):
                            ``(i) Reduces access barriers and 
                        disparities in access or utilization of home 
                        and community-based services.
                            ``(ii) Provides coverage of personal care 
                        services authorized under subsection (a)(24) 
                        for all individuals eligible for and enrolled 
                        in medical assistance in the State.
                            ``(iii) Provides for navigation of home and 
                        community-based services through `no wrong 
                        door' programs, provides expedited eligibility 
                        for home and community-based services, and 
                        improves home and community-based services 
                        counseling and education programs.
                            ``(iv) Expands access to behavioral health 
                        services furnished in home and community-based 
                        settings.
                            ``(v) Improves coordination of home and 
                        community-based services with employment, 
                        housing, and transportation supports.
                            ``(vi) Provides supports to family 
                        caregivers.
                            ``(vii) Newly provides coverage under, or 
                        expands existing eligibility criteria for, 1 or 
                        more of the eligibility categories authorized 
                        under subclause (XIII), (XV), or (XVI) of 
                        section 1902(a)(10)(A)(ii).
                    ``(D) Workforce.--The State strengthens and expands 
                the workforce of direct care workers that provides home 
                and community-based services by--
                            ``(i) adopting processes to ensure that 
                        payment rates for home and community-based 
                        services are sufficient (as defined by the 
                        Secretary) to ensure that services are 
                        available, including by, not later than 2 years 
                        after approval of the HCBS improvement plan 
                        and, at least every 3 years thereafter, 
                        updating and, as appropriate, increasing 
                        payment rates for home and community-based 
                        services to support recruitment and retention 
                        of direct care workers using, through existing 
                        or other processes to determine provider 
                        payments, a transparent process involving input 
                        from nongovernmental stakeholders;
                            ``(ii) ensuring that increases in the 
                        payment rates for home and community-based 
                        services result in at least a proportionate 
                        increase to payments for direct care workers; 
                        and
                            ``(iii) updating qualification standards as 
                        appropriate, and developing and adopting 
                        training opportunities, for direct care workers 
                        and family caregivers, at such times as the 
                        Secretary shall prescribe.
            ``(3) Self-directed models for the delivery of services.--
        As conditions for receipt of the increase under paragraph 
        (1)(B) to the Federal medical assistance percentage determined 
        for a State, with respect to a fiscal year quarter, the State 
        shall establish directly, or by contract with 1 or more 
        entities, including an agency with choice or a similar service 
        delivery model, a program for the performance of all of the 
        following functions, consistent with guidance issued by the 
        Secretary, to facilitate beneficiary use of self-directed care 
        in the case the State covers home and community-based services 
        under authorities that permit self-direction:
                    ``(A) Recruiting and registering qualified direct 
                care workers and assisting beneficiaries in finding 
                qualified direct care workers.
                    ``(B) Supporting beneficiary hiring, if selected by 
                the beneficiary, of independent providers of home and 
                community-based services, including through the 
                provision of financial management services.
                    ``(C) To the extent a State permits beneficiaries 
                to hire a family member or individual with whom they 
                have an existing relationship to provide home and 
                community-based services, providing support to 
                beneficiaries who wish to hire a caregiver who is a 
                family member or individual with whom they have an 
                existing relationship.
                    ``(D) Ensuring that the program under this 
                paragraph does not promote or deter the ability of 
                workers to form a labor organization or discriminate 
                against workers who may join or decline to join such an 
                organization.
            ``(4) Reporting and oversight.--As a condition for receipt 
        of an increase under subparagraphs (A)(i) or (B) of paragraph 
        (1) to the Federal medical assistance percentage determined for 
        a State, with respect to a fiscal year quarter, the State 
        shall, beginning with the last day of the 5th fiscal quarter 
        for which the State is an HCBS Improvement Program State, and 
        annually thereafter, report to the Secretary, in a manner the 
        Secretary shall prescribe, on--
                    ``(A) the State's progress in implementing the 
                activities described in subparagraphs (C) and (D) of 
                paragraph (2) and (if applicable) paragraph (3) in 
                accordance with the State HCBS improvement plan; and
                    ``(B) the use of the increased funding provided 
                under this subsection.
            ``(5) Benchmarks for demonstrating improvements.--An HCBS 
        Improvement Program State shall cease to be eligible for an 
        increase to the Federal medical assistance percentage under 
        paragraph (1)(A)(i) or (1)(B) or an increase to an applicable 
        Federal matching percentage under paragraph (1)(A)(ii) for each 
        fiscal quarter after the 29th fiscal quarter that begins on or 
        after the first date on which the State is an HCBS Improvement 
        Program State unless, at the end of such 29th fiscal quarter, 
        the State demonstrates the following in the annual report 
        required in paragraph (4) for such quarter:
                    ``(A) Increased availability (above a marginal 
                increase) of home and community-based services in the 
                State relative to such availability as reported in the 
                State HCBS improvement plan and adjusted for 
                demographic changes in the State since the submission 
                of such plan.
                    ``(B) With respect to the percentage of 
                expenditures made by the State for long-term services 
                and supports that are for home and community-based 
                services, in the case of an HCBS Improvement Program 
                State for which such percentage (as reported in the 
                State HCBS improvement plan) was--
                            ``(i) less than 50 percent, the State 
                        demonstrates that the percentage of such 
                        expenditures has increased to at least 50 
                        percent since the plan was approved; and
                            ``(ii) at least 50 percent, the State 
                        demonstrates that such percentage has not 
                        decreased since the plan was approved.
            ``(6) Definitions.--In this subsection, the terms `direct 
        care worker', `HCBS Improvement Program State', and `home and 
        community-based services' have the meaning given those terms in 
        section 801(d) of the Make Billionaires Pay Their Fair Share 
        Act.''.

SEC. 803. FUNDING FOR FEDERAL ACTIVITIES RELATED TO MEDICAID HCBS.

    In addition to amounts otherwise available, there is appropriated 
to the Secretary for fiscal year 2027, out of any money in the Treasury 
not otherwise appropriated, $40,000,000, to remain available until 
expended, to carry out section 802 (including the amendments made by 
such section), including by issuing necessary guidance and technical 
assistance to States and conducting program integrity and oversight 
efforts.

SEC. 804. FUNDING FOR HCBS QUALITY MEASUREMENT AND IMPROVEMENT.

    In addition to amounts otherwise available, there is appropriated 
to the Secretary for fiscal year 2027, out of any money in the Treasury 
not otherwise appropriated, $25,000,000, to remain available until 
expended, for purposes of developing, in consultation with 
nongovernmental stakeholders with expertise in home and community-based 
services (including recipients and providers of such services), a 
recommended set of home and community-based services quality measures 
that reflect the full range of home and community-based services (as 
defined in section 801(d)) and the recipients of such services.

SEC. 805. PERMANENT EXTENSION OF MEDICAID PROTECTIONS AGAINST SPOUSAL 
              IMPOVERISHMENT FOR RECIPIENTS OF HOME AND COMMUNITY-BASED 
              SERVICES.

    (a) In General.--Section 1924(h)(1)(A) of the Social Security Act 
(42 U.S.C. 1396r-5(h)(1)(A)) is amended by striking ``(at the option of 
the State) is described in section 1902(a)(10)(A)(ii)(VI)'' and 
inserting the following: ``is eligible for medical assistance for home 
and community-based services provided under subsection (c), (d), or (i) 
of section 1915 or under a waiver approved under section 1115, or who 
is eligible for such medical assistance by reason of being determined 
eligible under section 1902(a)(10)(C) or by reason of section 1902(f) 
or otherwise on the basis of a reduction of income based on costs 
incurred for medical or other remedial care, or who is eligible for 
medical assistance for home and community-based attendant services and 
supports under section 1915(k)''.
    (b) Conforming Amendment.--Section 2404 of the Patient Protection 
and Affordable Care Act (42 U.S.C. 1396r-5 note) is amended by striking 
``September 30, 2027'' and inserting ``the date of enactment of the 
Make Billionaires Pay Their Fair Share Act''.

SEC. 806. PERMANENT EXTENSION OF MONEY FOLLOWS THE PERSON REBALANCING 
              DEMONSTRATION.

    Subsection (h) of section 6071 of the Deficit Reduction Act of 2005 
(42 U.S.C. 1396a note) is amended--
            (1) in paragraph (1)--
                    (A) in subparagraph (I), by inserting ``and'' after 
                the semicolon;
                    (B) in subparagraph (J), by inserting ``and each 
                fiscal year thereafter'' before the semicolon; and
                    (C) by striking subparagraphs (K) and (L); and
            (2) in paragraph (3), by striking ``through fiscal year 
        2029''.
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