Protecting DOD Data Act of 2025

#3161 | S Congress #119

Subjects:

Last Action: Read twice and referred to the Committee on Armed Services. (11/7/2025)

Bill Text Source: Congress.gov

Summary and Impacts
Original Text

Bill Summary

The "Protecting DOD Data Act of 2025" is legislation aimed at enhancing the security and protection of personal data related to the operational security of Department of Defense (DOD) personnel. Key provisions include:

1. **Prioritization of Data Protection**: The Secretary of Defense is tasked with identifying and prioritizing the safeguarding of personal data that could impact the operational security of military members and DOD civilian employees, ensuring compliance with existing privacy laws.

2. **Guidance Review and Updates**: By June 1, 2026, the Secretary must review and, if necessary, update guidance related to the protection of personal data, ensuring it aligns with pre-existing laws and practices.

3. **Data Storage Restrictions**: Personal data affecting operational security must not be stored on non-DOD servers or cloud services unless authorized by a contract or with explicit permission from the data subject. Waivers can be granted under specific national security conditions.

4. **Congressional Notification**: The Secretary must notify Congress within 30 days of any changes to data protection policies or significant events, such as data breaches or unauthorized storage incidents.

5. **Training and Standards**: The Secretary is required to implement standards, training, and reporting processes for personnel with access to sensitive data, including regular security briefings.

Overall, the act is designed to bolster the protection of sensitive data, mitigate risks to national security, and ensure accountability through congressional oversight.

Possible Impacts

The "Protecting DOD Data Act of 2025" could affect people in various ways. Here are three examples:

1. **Enhanced Privacy Protection for Service Members**: The legislation prioritizes the protection of personal data related to the operational security of Department of Defense (DOD) personnel. This means that service members and civilian employees may experience greater assurance that their personal information is safeguarded against unauthorized collection and dissemination. As a result, they could feel more secure knowing that their sensitive data, which could be exploited by adversaries, is being carefully managed and protected.

2. **Compliance and Training Requirements**: The requirement for the Secretary of Defense to develop standards and training related to data protection will affect personnel who access sensitive information systems. Those who receive write or read access privileges will need to undergo regular training and security debriefings. This could lead to an increased workload and responsibility for these individuals, as they must stay compliant with new protocols and ensure that they understand the importance of data security in their roles.

3. **Impact of Data Storage Regulations**: The legislation imposes strict limitations on where personal data related to operational security can be stored, primarily restricting it to Department-controlled servers or cloud services. Employees or contractors who handle this data may experience operational changes as they adapt to these requirements, potentially leading to disruptions in workflow or the need to change how they manage data. If waivers are issued, they must be justified to prevent risks, which could create additional bureaucratic processes that personnel must navigate.

[Congressional Bills 119th Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
[S. 3161 Introduced in Senate (IS)]

<DOC>






119th CONGRESS
  1st Session
                                S. 3161

    To enhance protection of data affecting operational security of 
        Department of Defense personnel, and for other purposes.


_______________________________________________________________________


                   IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES

                            November 7, 2025

Ms. Slotkin (for herself and Ms. Ernst) introduced the following bill; 
  which was read twice and referred to the Committee on Armed Services

_______________________________________________________________________

                                 A BILL


 
    To enhance protection of data affecting operational security of 
        Department of Defense personnel, and for other purposes.

    Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the 
United States of America in Congress assembled,

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Protecting DOD Data Act of 2025''.

SEC. 2. ENHANCED PROTECTION OF DATA AFFECTING OPERATIONAL SECURITY OF 
              DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE PERSONNEL.

    (a) Priorities for Protection of Personal Data for Operational 
Security.--In carrying out the duties of the Secretary of Defense, the 
Secretary shall identify and prioritize the protection of personal data 
that is related to or may have impacts on the operational security of 
members of the Armed Forces and civilian employees of the Department of 
Defense through the prevention of collection, use, dissemination, or 
retention of such data that does not conform with provisions of law and 
practices relating to privacy that were in effect on the day before the 
date of the enactment of this Act.
    (b) Review and Issuance of New Guidance Related to Protection of 
Personal Data Related to Operational Security.--Not later than June 1, 
2026, the Secretary of Defense shall review all applicable guidance and 
policy relating to the protection of personal data that is related to 
or may have impacts on the operational security of Department personnel 
and, if necessary, issue revised or new guidance for enhanced 
protection measures for such data. Such guidance shall cover provisions 
of law and practices relating to privacy and personnel security that 
were in effect on the day before the date of the enactment of this Act.
    (c) Storage of Data.--
            (1) Limitation.--The Secretary shall ensure that no 
        Department personal data related to or that may have impacts on 
        the operational security of Department personnel is stored on a 
        non-Department server or cloud service except pursuant to a 
        contract or other agreement entered into by the Secretary and a 
        contractor or subcontractor of the Department or, for personnel 
        data, with the permission of the data subject.
            (2) Waivers.--The Secretary may waive paragraph (1) in a 
        case in which the Secretary certifies in writing that such 
        waiver--
                    (A) appropriately considers the operational 
                security risks to an employee of the Department with 
                respect to whom such data may relate;
                    (B) does not pose a risk to national security; and
                    (C) is necessary in the interest of national 
                security.
    (d) Congressional Notification of Changes to Departmental 
Issuances.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 30 days after the date on 
        which the Secretary changes a Department issuance relating to 
        the protection of personal data that is related to or may have 
        impacts on the operational security of Department personnel, 
        the Secretary shall submit to Congress notice of the change.
            (2) Sunset.--The requirement of paragraph (1) shall 
        terminate on the date that is five years after the date of the 
        enactment of this Act.
    (e) Congressional Notification of Events.--
            (1) In general.--Not later than 30 days after the date of 
        the occurrence of an event described in paragraph (2), the 
        Secretary shall submit to Congress notice of the event.
            (2) Events described.--An event described in this paragraph 
        is an occurrence of an event in which--
                    (A) the Secretary issues a waiver under subsection 
                (c)(2);
                    (B) personal data related to or that may have an 
                impact on operational security of Department personnel 
                is not stored according to Department regulations or 
                exfiltrated in violation of Department regulations;
                    (C) personal data related to or that may have an 
                impact on operational security of Department personnel 
                is stored on a non-Department server or cloud service 
                that has not undergone an authorization process in 
                accordance with Department regulations; or
                    (D) personal data related to or that may have an 
                impact on operational security of Department of Defense 
                personnel is exposed in any cybersecurity incident.
    (f) Standards, Training, and Reporting Processes for System 
Owners.--
            (1) In general.--The Secretary shall develop standards, 
        training, reporting, and security debriefing requirements for 
        Department personnel who receive write or read access 
        privileges as system owners across more than one platform of 
        Department information systems that hosts personal data related 
        to or that may have an impact on operational security of 
        Department personnel.
            (2) Security debriefings.--The Secretary shall ensure that 
        personnel described in paragraph (1) are provided regular 
        security debriefings, including after departing the Department.
            (3) Notification of congress under certain circumstances.--
        Not later than 30 days after the completion of the development 
        of the standards, training, reporting, and security debriefing 
        requirements in paragraph (1) the Secretary shall submit to 
        Congress details of the requirements.
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