Energy Efficiency for Affordable Housing Act

#2638 | S Congress #119

Policy Area: Taxation
Subjects:

Last Action: Read twice and referred to the Committee on Finance. (7/31/2025)

Bill Text Source: Congress.gov

Summary and Impacts
Original Text

Bill Summary

The "Energy Efficiency for Affordable Housing Act" aims to enhance the financial incentives for the rehabilitation of low-income housing by increasing the low-income housing credit for buildings that achieve improved energy performance.

Key provisions of the legislation include:

1. **Increased Rehabilitation Credit**: The act proposes an increase in the rehabilitation expenditure credit from 130% to 160% for buildings located in high-cost areas that meet enhanced energy performance standards. This is designed to encourage more energy-efficient renovations of existing buildings.

2. **Enhanced Energy Performance Criteria**: A building qualifies for the increased credit if it meets specific energy performance standards set by the Secretary of Energy. This can be achieved either by adhering to advanced construction standards or through a qualified retrofit plan that significantly reduces energy usage.

3. **Definitions**: The legislation defines terms such as "qualified retrofit plan," which outlines the energy-saving modifications, and "baseline energy usage intensity," which establishes a reference point for measuring improvements in energy efficiency.

4. **Implementation Timeline**: The amendments will apply to housing credit allocations made after December 31, 2025, with specific considerations for bond-financed projects.

Overall, this act seeks to promote sustainable practices in affordable housing, improve energy efficiency, and reduce operational costs for low-income housing facilities.

Possible Impacts

The proposed "Energy Efficiency for Affordable Housing Act" could have several impacts on people, particularly those in low-income housing, developers, and energy professionals. Here are three specific examples:

1. **Increased Affordability for Low-Income Tenants**:
The legislation enhances the low-income housing credit for rehabilitation expenditures on buildings that achieve improved energy performance. This means that property owners who make energy-efficient renovations will receive a higher tax credit (up to 130% or 160% in high-cost areas). As a result, landlords may pass on the savings from reduced energy costs to tenants through lower rent, making housing more affordable for low-income individuals and families.

2. **Incentives for Sustainable Development**:
By increasing the financial incentives for energy-efficient renovations, the legislation encourages developers and property owners to invest in sustainable building practices. This could lead to more environmentally friendly housing options, contributing to reduced carbon footprints and improved overall building performance. Communities may benefit from healthier living environments and decreased utility costs, which can enhance the quality of life for residents.

3. **Job Creation for Qualified Professionals**:
The requirement for a "qualified professional" (licensed architect or engineer) to develop and certify the qualified retrofit plans means that there will be increased demand for skilled labor in the energy efficiency sector. This could lead to job creation for architects, engineers, and contractors specializing in energy-efficient building practices. Additionally, training programs and educational opportunities may arise as professionals seek to meet the new demands, potentially boosting local economies and workforce development in green technologies.

[Congressional Bills 119th Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
[S. 2638 Introduced in Senate (IS)]

<DOC>






119th CONGRESS
  1st Session
                                S. 2638

 To amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to increase the low-income 
housing credit for rehabilitation expenditures for buildings achieving 
          enhanced energy performance, and for other purposes.


_______________________________________________________________________


                   IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES

                             July 31, 2025

Ms. Klobuchar (for herself, Ms. Warren, Ms. Smith, and Mr. Van Hollen) 
introduced the following bill; which was read twice and referred to the 
                          Committee on Finance

_______________________________________________________________________

                                 A BILL


 
 To amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to increase the low-income 
housing credit for rehabilitation expenditures for buildings achieving 
          enhanced energy performance, and for other purposes.

    Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the 
United States of America in Congress assembled,

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Energy Efficiency for Affordable 
Housing Act''.

SEC. 2. INCREASE OF CREDIT.

    (a) In General.--Paragraph (2) of section 42(e) of the Internal 
Revenue Code of 1986 is amended by adding at the end the following new 
subparagraph:
                    ``(C) Increase in credit for buildings achieving 
                enhanced energy performance.--
                            ``(i) In general.--In the case of any 
                        existing building to which subsection (b)(2) 
                        does not apply which achieves enhanced energy 
                        performance, the rehabilitation expenditures 
                        taken into account under subparagraph (A) shall 
                        be 130 percent of such expenditures determined 
                        without regard to this subparagraph.
                            ``(ii) Enhanced energy performance.--For 
                        purposes of clause (i), a building achieves 
                        enhanced energy performance if it meets either 
                        of the following:
                                    ``(I) The minimum requirements of 
                                an advanced building construction 
                                standard which shall be determined by 
                                the Secretary of Energy using 
                                prescriptive or performance methods of 
                                calculation and promulgated by the 
                                Secretary of Energy within 180 days of 
                                the date of the enactment of this 
                                subparagraph.
                                    ``(II) In the case of a taxpayer 
                                which elects (at such time and in such 
                                manner as the Secretary may provide) 
                                the application of this subclause with 
                                respect to the building, a qualified 
                                retrofit plan.
                            ``(iii) Definitions.--For purposes of this 
                        subparagraph--
                                    ``(I) Qualified retrofit plan.--The 
                                term `qualified retrofit plan' means a 
                                written plan prepared and stamped by a 
                                qualified professional which specifies 
                                modifications to a building which, in 
                                the aggregate, are expected to reduce 
                                such building's site energy usage 
                                intensity by 50 percent or more in 
                                comparison to the baseline energy usage 
                                intensity of such building. Such plan 
                                shall require a qualified professional 
                                to certify--
                                            ``(aa) the baseline energy 
                                        usage intensity of the 
                                        building,
                                            ``(bb) that the 
                                        modifications are expected to 
                                        reduce such building's site 
                                        energy usage intensity by 50 
                                        percent or more in comparison 
                                        to the baseline energy usage 
                                        intensity of such building, and
                                            ``(cc) as of any date 
                                        following installation of 
                                        building modifications, that 
                                        such modifications have been 
                                        installed.
                                    ``(II) Baseline energy usage 
                                intensity.--The term `baseline energy 
                                usage intensity' means the site energy 
                                usage intensity as of any date during 
                                the 24-month period immediately 
                                preceding the building modifications 
                                described in the qualified retrofit 
                                plan.
                                    ``(III) Site energy usage 
                                intensity.--The site energy usage 
                                intensity shall be determined for the 
                                entire building in accordance with such 
                                regulations or other guidance as the 
                                Secretary may provide and measured in 
                                British thermal units per square foot 
                                per year.
                                    ``(IV) Qualified professional.--The 
                                term `qualified professional' means an 
                                individual who is a licensed architect 
                                or a licensed engineer or meets such 
                                other requirements as the Secretary of 
                                Energy may provide.''.
    (b) Increase for Buildings in High-Cost Areas.--Paragraph (2) of 
section 42(e) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended by 
subsection (a), is further amended by adding at the end the following 
new subparagraph:
                    ``(D) Special rule for buildings in high-cost areas 
                which achieve enhanced energy performance.--In the case 
                of an existing building to which both subparagraph (C) 
                and subsection (d)(5)(B) apply (but for this 
                subparagraph)--
                            ``(i) subsection (d)(5)(B)(i)(II) shall not 
                        apply, and
                            ``(ii) the rehabilitation expenditures 
                        taken into account under subparagraph (A) shall 
                        be 160 percent of such expenditures determined 
                        without regard to this subparagraph.''.
    (c) Effective Date.--
            (1) In general.--Except as provided in paragraph (2), the 
        amendments made by this section shall apply to buildings with 
        respect to which housing credit dollar amounts are allocated 
        after December 31, 2025.
            (2) Bond-financed projects.--In the case of any building 
        some portion of which, or of the land on which the building is 
        located, is financed by an obligation which is described in 
        section 42(h)(4)(A) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, the 
        amendments made by this section shall apply to any such 
        building financed by such an obligation which is part of an 
        issue the issue date of which is after December 31, 2025.
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