Fair and Accountable IRS Reviews Act

#5346 | HR Congress #119

Last Action: Received in the Senate and Read twice and referred to the Committee on Finance. (12/2/2025)

Bill Text Source: Congress.gov

Summary and Impacts
Original Text

Bill Summary

The "Fair and Accountable IRS Reviews Act" is legislation aimed at reforming the penalty and interest provisions of the Internal Revenue Code. The key change involves the procedural requirements for assessing penalties by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS). Specifically, the Act mandates that any penalty assessment must receive written approval from the immediate supervisor of the individual proposing the penalty before any communication is sent to the taxpayer regarding the penalty. This aims to ensure a higher level of oversight and accountability within the IRS. The definition of "immediate supervisor" is clarified to refer to the direct supervisor of the person making the penalty determination. The provisions of the Act will take effect for notices and penalties issued after December 31, 2025.

Possible Impacts

The "Fair and Accountable IRS Reviews Act" could affect people in several ways, including:

1. **Increased Fairness in Penalty Assessments**: By requiring that any penalty assessment be personally approved in writing by an immediate supervisor before any communication is sent to the taxpayer, this legislation could lead to more thorough and deliberate evaluations of penalty cases. Taxpayers may experience fewer arbitrary or unjust penalties, as the oversight could promote fairer treatment.

2. **Transparency in Tax Administration**: The requirement for supervisor approval before penalties are assessed may lead to increased transparency within the IRS. Taxpayers could benefit from clearer communication regarding how penalties are determined and the rationale behind them, potentially reducing confusion and frustration in dealing with tax issues.

3. **Improved Accountability Among IRS Employees**: The amendment mandates that a higher level of oversight is involved in penalty assessments, which could lead to greater accountability among IRS employees. This may result in more careful and responsible action regarding penalties, possibly reducing errors and improving the overall taxpayer experience with the IRS. Taxpayers might feel more confident that their cases are handled properly, knowing that there is a supervisory check in place.

[Congressional Bills 119th Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
[H.R. 5346 Referred in Senate (RFS)]

<DOC>
119th CONGRESS
  1st Session
                                H. R. 5346


_______________________________________________________________________


                   IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES

                            December 2, 2025

     Received; read twice and referred to the Committee on Finance

_______________________________________________________________________

                                 AN ACT


 
 To amend the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to reform certain penalty 
                        and interest provisions.

    Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the 
United States of America in Congress assembled,

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Fair and Accountable IRS Reviews 
Act''.

SEC. 2. PROCEDURAL REQUIREMENTS FOR ASSESSMENT OF PENALTIES.

    (a) Approval of Assessment.--Section 6751(b)(1) of the Internal 
Revenue Code of 1986 is amended to read as follows:
            ``(1) In general.--No penalty under this title shall be 
        assessed or entered unless, before any written communication 
        with respect to such penalty (including proposal of a penalty 
        as an adjustment) is sent to the taxpayer, the initial 
        determination of such assessment is personally approved (in 
        writing) by the immediate supervisor of the individual making 
        such determination or such higher level official as the 
        Secretary may designate.''.
    (b) Immediate Supervisor Defined.--Section 6751(b) of such Code is 
amended by adding at the end the following new paragraph:
            ``(3) Immediate supervisor.--For purposes of this 
        subsection, the term `immediate supervisor' means, with respect 
        to an individual making a determination under paragraph (1), 
        the person to whom such individual reports.''.
    (c) Effective Date.--The amendments made by this section shall 
apply to notices issued, and penalties assessed, after December 31, 
2025.

            Passed the House of Representatives December 1, 2025.

            Attest:

                                             KEVIN F. MCCUMBER,

                                                                 Clerk.